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| 3. | Barcalow, Emmett(1994)。Moral philosophy: Theories and issues。Blemont, CA：Wadsworth。 |
| 4. | Kropotkin, Peter、Friedland, Louis S.、Piroshnikoff, Joseph R.(1993)。Ethics, Origin and Development。Bristol：Thoemmes Press。 |
| 5. | Cook, John W.(1999)。Morality and Cultural Differences。New York：Oxford University Press。 |
| 6. | Thilly, Frank(1900)。Introduction to Ethics。New York：Charles Scribner's Sons。 |
| 7. | Ewing, A. C.(1953)。Ethics。New York：The Free Press。 |
| 8. | Shanahan, Timothy、Wang, Robin(1996)。Reason and Insight: Western and Eastern Perspectives on the Pursuit of Moral Wisdom。Belmont：Wadsworth Pub。 |
| 9. | Sidgwick, Henry(1922)。The Methods of Ethics。London：Macmillan。 |
| 10. | Norman, Richard(1998)。The Moral Philosophers: An Introduction to Ethics。New York：Oxford University Press。 |
| 11. | 西塞羅。論國家。 延伸查詢 |
| 12. | Wanlass, Lawrence C.(1953)。Gettell's History of Political Thought。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts。 |
| 13. | Blanshard, Brand(1961)。Reason and Goodness。London：Routledg。 |
| 14. | Bentham, Jeremy、Burns, J. H.、Hart, H. L. A.(1970)。An Introduction to the Principle of Morals and Legislation。London：Athlone Press。 |
| 15. | Mill, John Stuart、Lerner, Max(1961)。Essential Works of John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism。New York：Bantam。 |
| 16. | Perry, Ralph Barton(1926)。General Theory of Value。New York：Longmans, Green and Co.。 |
| 17. | Pojman, Louis P.(1989)。Ethical Theory: Classical and Contemporary Readings。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth Publishing Company。 |
| 18. | Brandt, Richard B.(1996)。Facts, Values, and Morality。New York：Cambridge University Press。 |