從經濟效果論優惠性原產地規則之適法性及其未來發展__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	從經濟效果論優惠性原產地規則之適法性及其未來發展
書刊名：	歐美研究
作者：	蔡孟佳
作者(外文)：	Tsai, Meng-chia
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	42:2
頁次：	頁281-337
主題關鍵詞：	區域貿易協定；優惠性原產地規則；原產地規則協定；迂迴貿易；貿易限制性；Regional trade agreements；Preferential rules of origin；Agreement on Rules of Origin；Trade deflection；Trade restrictiveness
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:31

儘管雙邊優惠貿易協定談判已為國際經濟活動之主流，然相關成效卻往往受到其原產地規則寬嚴之制約。過去相關研究有從法律面向討論優惠貿易協定相關問題，或純從經濟角度看優惠性原產地規則對於貿易或投資可能影響，而本文乃係同時結合法律與經濟之探索，特別是根據 GATT第 24條第 5、8項規定來釐清關於優惠性原產地規則之適法條件，並透過經濟之量化估算來作為上述適法條件落實之基礎。最後研究發現，若所訂定之優惠性原產地規則過於嚴苛，則可能將對於非會員之貨品進口較先前更具限制性，且同時對絕大多數在會員國家加工出口之貨品構成歧視，致不符合 GATT第 24條第 5、8項之規定。

以文找文

This paper explores the legality of preferential rules of origin based on regulations relating to Article 24 of the GATT 1994 and from the perspective of economic effect. The preferential rules of origin—originally intended to be a neutral instrument to protect against trade deflection—were abused by preference-granting countries seeking policy instruments with which to protect their own political and economic interests. With the stagnation of the WTO Doha Round Negotiations, bilateral negotiations and the preferential trade arrangements have become the leading international economic activities. The preferences created through the above preferential arrangements, however, have been eroded substantially by the implementation of the rules of origin. It is therefore increasingly important to investigate whether the rules of origin contained in such preferential arrangements are consistent with the related regulations of the Article 24 of the GATT 1994. We find that it is possible that these are inconsistent with Article 24 (5) and 24 (8), if the rules of origin are too restrictive. Accordingly, we suggest that it would be better for Taiwan in future RTA/FTA negotiations to adopt looser rules of origin on account of networked global supply chains.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Nsour, Mohammad F.(2008)。Regional Trade Agreements in the Era of Globalization: A Legal Analysis。North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation，33(3)，359-436。
2.	Grossman, Gene(199509)。The Politics of Free Trade Agreements。American Economic Review，85(4)，667-690。
3.	Yao, Y.(2006)。簡析WTO《原產地規則協議》。法制與社會 \=Legal System and Society，12，48-49。延伸查詢
4.	Fan, Q.、Shi, S. X.(2003)。原產地規則存在的合理性及其趨勢。商業研究 \=Commercial Research，18，48-49。延伸查詢
5.	Zhong, Z. Y.(2008)。論原產地規則對國際貨物貿易的影響及我國的應對策略。決策與信息 \=Decision & Information，12，30-31。延伸查詢
6.	Augier, P.、Gasiorek, M.、Lai-Tong, C.(2005)。The impact of rules of origin on trade flows。Economic Policy，20(43)，1-25。
7.	Balogun, E. D.(2010)。Rules of origin in the Africa-EU strategic partnership agreement and Nigeria’s international trade。Munich Person RePEc Archive Paper，23921，1-16。
8.	Barcilo, J. J. III(2006)。Harmonizing preferential rules of origin in the WTO system。Cornell Law Faculty Publications Paper，72，1-41。
9.	Bhala, R.(2002)。The forgotten mercy: GATT article XXIV: 11 and trade on the subcontinent。New Zealand Law Review，2002，301-337。
10.	Brenton, P.、Manchin, M.(2003)。Making EU trade agreements work: The role of rules of origin。The World Economy，26(5)，755-769。
11.	Cadot, O.、de Melo, J.(2008)。Why OECD countries should reform rules of origin。The World Bank Research Observer，23(1)，77-105。
12.	Chase, K. A.(2008)。Protecting free trade: The political economy of rules of origin。International Organization，62，507-530。
13.	Cho, S.(2007)。Beyond Doha’s promises: Administrative barriers as an obstruction to development。Berkeley Journal of International law，25(3)，395-458。
14.	Coyle, J.(2004)。Rules of origin as instruments of foreign economic policy: An analysis of the integrated sourcing initiative in the U.S.-Singapore free trade agreement。The Yale Journal of International Law，29，545-580。
15.	Estevadeordal, A.(2000)。Negotiating preferential market access: The case of the North American Free Trade Agreement。Journal of World Trade，34，141-200。
16.	Falvey, R.、Reed, G.(2002)。Rules of origin as commercial policy instruments。International Economic Review，43(2)，393-407。
17.	Gantz, D. A.(1995)。Implementing the NAFTA rules of origin: Are the parties helping or hurting free trade?。Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law，12(2)，367-400。
18.	Hirsch, M.(2003)。Rules of origin as trade of foreign policy instruments? The European Union policy on products manufactured in the settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip。Fordham International Law Journal，26，572-594。
19.	Hoekman, B.(1993)。Rules of origin for goods and services。Journal of World Trade，4，81-99。
20.	Komuro, N.(2009)。FTA outward processing at the crossroads。Journal of World Trade，43(4)，797-846。
21.	Kuroiwa, I.(2009)。Value content and production networks in Southeast Asia: Application of AFTA and ASEAN-PLUS-ONE FTA formulas。The Developing Economics，47(2)，147-176。
22.	Lloyd, P. J.(2002)。Country of origin in the global economy。World Trade Review，1(2)，171-185。
23.	Mabrouk, H.(2010)。Rules of origin as international trade hindrances。Entrepreneurial Business Law Journal，5(1)，97-176。
24.	Pelzman, J.、Shoham, A.(2010)。Measuring the welfare effects of country of origin rules: A suggested methodology。Global Economy Journal，10(1)，1-23。
25.	Sandstrom, M. R.(1999)。Rules of origin: considerations for investment and trade in North America。Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law，16(1)，218-247。
26.	Ukpe, A. I.(2010)。Market access and the EU rules of origin: Reforming EU-Africa trade relationship。Manchester Journal of International Economic Law，7(1)，18-30。
27.	Cadot, O.、Carrère, C.、de Melo, J.、Tumurchudur, B.(2006)。Product specific rules of origin in EU and US preferential trading arrangements: An assessment。World Trade Review，5(2)，199-224。

會議論文
1.	Tsai, M. C.、Chen, K. M.、Yang, S. F.(2010)。原產地規則對ECFA總體經濟效益之影響。台北。延伸查詢
2.	Cadot, O.、Carrère, C.、de Melo, J.(2005)。Product specific rules of origin in EU and US preferential trading arrangements: An assessment。Geneva, Switzerland。
3.	Estevadeordal, A.、Harris, J.、Suominen, K.(2007)。Multilateralising preferential rules of origin around the world。Geneva, Switzerland。
4.	Gretton, P.、Gali, J.(2005)。The restrictiveness of rules of origin in preferential trade agreement。Melbourne, Australia。

研究報告
1.	Tu, C. H.、Chen, S. H.、Wang, L. R.、Jing, S. T.、Wang, W. T.、Lin, P. C.(2005)。FTA/RTA相關議題基礎研究：94年度國際經貿事物研究及培訓中心計畫子計畫二：專題研究(2)。台北。延伸查詢
2.	Estevadeordal, A.、Harris, J.、Suominen, K.(2009)。Multilateralising preferential rules of origin around the world。
3.	Hoekman, B.、Prowse, S.(2005)。Economic policy responses to preference erosion: From trade as aid to aid for trade。
4.	Krueger, A. O.(1993)。Free trade agreements as protectionist devises: Rules of origin。Cambridge, MA。
5.	US Tariff Commission(1949)。Report on the Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization, for the committee on ways and means, house of representatives, WTO libarary, at 19。

學位論文
1.	陳昭仁(2008)。GATT/WTO架構下之區域貿易協定--以GATT第二十四條為中心(碩士論文)。國立中正大學。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Robert, Maryse.(2000)。Negotiating NAFTA: Explaining the Outcome in Culture, Textiles, Autos, and Pharmaceuticals。Toronto, CA：University of Toronto Press。
2.	羅昌發(199910)。國際貿易法。月旦出版社。延伸查詢
3.	Hoekman, Bernard M.、Kosteck, Michel M.(1995)。The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO。Oxford University Press。
4.	Carrère, C.、de Melo, J.(2006)。Are different rules of origin equally costly? Estimates from NAFTA。The origin of goods \\ O. Cadot ; A. Estevadeordal ; A. Suwa-Eisenmann ; T. Verdier (eds.)。Oxford, UK。
5.	Estevadeordal, A.、Suominen, K.(2006)。Mapping and measuring rules of origin around the world。The origin of goods \\ O. Cadot ; A. Estevadeordal ; A. Suwa-Eisenmann ; T. Verdier (eds.)。Oxford, UK。
6.	GATT(1991)。Working party on the free-trade agreement between Canada and the United States, L/6927。\url\http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/gattdocs_e.htm $d20110115。
7.	Horlick, G. N.、Meyer, M. A.(1994)。Rules of origin from a policy perspective。Rules of origin in international trade: A comparative study \\ E. A. Vermulst ; P. Waer ; J. Bourgeois (eds.)。Ann Arbor, MI。
8.	Inama, S.(2009)。Rules of origin in international trade。New York。
9.	Kingston, E. I.(1994)。The economics of rules of origin。Rules of origin in international trade: a comparative study \\ E. A. Vermulst ; P. Waer ; J. Bourgeois (eds.)。Ann Arbor, MI。
10.	Krishna, K.、Krueger, A. O.(1995)。Implementing free trade areas: Rules of origin and hidden protection。New directions in trade theory \\ A. V. Deardorff ; J. A. Levinsohn ; R. M. Stern (eds.)。Ann Arbor, MI。
11.	Lockhart, N. J.、Mitchell, A. D.(2005)。Regional trade agreements under GATT 1994: an exception and its limits。Challenges and prospects for the WTO \\ A. D. Mitchell (ed.)。London。
12.	Mathis, J. H.(2006)。Regional trade agreement and domestic regulation: What reach for “other restrictive regulations of commerce”?。Regional trade agreements and WTO legal system \\ L. Bartels ; F. Ortino (eds.)。New York。
13.	Rivas, J. A.(2006)。Do rules of origin in free trade agreements comply with article XXIV GATT?。Regional trade agreements and WTO legal system \\ L. Bartels ; F. Ortino (eds.)。New York。
14.	Torjman, S.(2005)。What is policy?。Ottawa, CA。
15.	Vermulst, E. A.(1994)。Rules of origin as commercial policy instruments? - Revisited。Rules of origin in international trade: A comparative study \\ E. A. Vermulst ; P. Waer ; J. Bourgeois (eds.)。Ann Arbor, MI。

其他
1.	World Trade Organization(1998)。Statement by the delegation of Hong Kong, China on systemic issues (WT/REG/W/27)。
2.	World Trade Organization(2002)。Compendium of issues related to regional trade agreements (TN/RL/W/8Rev.1)。
3.	Carrère, C.，de Melo, J.(2004)。Are different rules of origin equally costly? Estimates from NAFTA (CERDI, Etudes et Documents, E2004.12)。
4.	European Commission(2003)。Green paper on the future of origin in preferential trade arrangements (COM/2003/787/final)。
5.	Krishna, K.(2004)。Understanding rules of origin。
6.	Naumann, E.(2008)。Rules of origin and EPAs: What has been agreed? What does it mean? What next?。
7.	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2002)。The relationship between regional trade agreements and multilateral trade system - Rules of origin。
8.	World Trade Organization(1998)。Note on the meetings of 27 November and 4-5 December 1997 (WT/REG/M/15)。
9.	Cadot, O.，Estevadeordal. A.，Suwa-Eisenmann, A.，Verdier, T.(2006)。Understanding of rules of origin。

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