“Mass incidents” is a term that communist China uses to describe specific types of social struggles, including parades, demonstrations, protests, illegal reporting to higher-ups, among other mass movements. The communist China society has seen a rapid increase in the number of mass incidents, which pose challenges for the government in the pursuit of its ideal, a harmonious society, and its goal to maintain stability. Contemporary mass incidents in the communist China society can generally be divided into four types in accordance with the backgrounds or social hierarchies of the main participants. Each of the four types has its distinct appeals: peasant-based agricultural struggles; labor struggles, including those of migrant workers and employees of state-owned businesses; middle class struggles; and others, such as those with religious appeals and those encompassing separatism. Causes for mass incidents in communist China can generally be divided into environmental and structural. The former refers to factors that exist in society, including imbalanced economic development, corruption, increased civil awareness, and the flawed judicial system while the latter indicates negative factors that surface during interaction between the Chinese communist government, local government, and the people. Most mass incidents are directly or indirectly linked to imbalanced economic development. Hence it is predictable that they will continue to grow as economic development continues. Related incidents have their intrinsic limits, however, including the over-isolation of the participants; the narrowness of their appeals; and their avoidance of political reform issues. As such, for the foreseeable future, mass incidents are hardly stern challenges for communist China’s governance. Nevertheless, frequent mass incidents can still be obstructive to governance. Meanwhile, it is impossible to eliminate the possibility for the mass movements to upgrade or expand. Therefore, communist China should begin with economic and systematic aspects and try to solve the underlying issues that catalyze related incidents.