In 1909, Kanehira Ryôzô came to Taiwan and became the leader of a forestry experiment station in 1919. The following year (1920), he received a Doctoral degree of Forestry from Tokyo Imperial University on Taiwan woods anatomy. He was also the first Japanese who received a Doctoral degree of Forestry after the Japanese governed Taiwan. In 1921, he got promoted to be the first minister of Department of Forestry in Taiwan Government-General Central Research. In 1928, he went back to Japan to be a professor in agriculture department at Tokyo Imperial University. During the forty years from 1909 when Kanehira came to Taiwan until his death in 1948, he spent twenty years in colonial Taiwan and held an important position in Taiwan Forest Research Institution for about ten years. His research and position influenced Modern Taiwan Forestry’s development, which means he was an important helmsman in foresty development in colonial Taiwan. In his forty years of forestry achievements, there are two important peaks. One was when he became a leader of forestry experiment station in April 1920. He submitted his paper “THE ANATOMY STUDY OF FORMOSAN TREES” in English to the agriculture department at Tokyo Imperial University, and passed the examination to become the first doctor of forestry in Taiwan. The other was finishing “FLORA MICRONESICA” in 1933. After three years, the Japan Agriculture Association respected his lofty achievement and awarded Kanehira Ryôzô the award of the highest Japanese agronomy honor when he was a professor of agriculture department at Kyushu Imperial University. This steadies his highest position in modern Japan tropical forestry. In short, in twelve years after Kanehira Ryôzô came to Taiwan, he engaged in forest research in Taiwan and became a forestry expert. After another twenty years of accumulation of learning, he finally became the authority of modern Japanese tropical forestry. “Tropical Taiwan” can be a very important forest learning base. His achievements also became very important accomplishment in modern Taiwan foresty development.