In the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor at the end of 1941, China eventually rose to be ranked among the world's "Big Four" as the Allied frontline formed. As the leader of a colossal Eastern nation, Chiang Kai-shek took pride in casting off the "unequal treaty system" set up in China over a hundred years ago; while humbled by the fact that a "China like the middle ages" stood equal to the modernized major powers. Through his records, on China as a fragile nation confronting international powers, Chiang's diary explicitly indicates his awareness of the disparity in development and the intrinsic tribulations that it caused.In February 1942, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Soong May-ling, accompanied by fifteen members of entourage, embarked on a formal visit to India. The trip itself was not entirely successful in retrospect, but showed that Chiang was shrewd and resourceful when dealing with diplomatic affairs. Chiang, mindful of liberating the suppressed nations in Asia, China included, defined the goal of this trip as "to relieve the less privileged and support those on the brink". Antagonism between nationalism and imperialism was pivotal. It is intriguing to see how Chiang reconciled imperialist agenda (including the United Kingdom and the United States) as a step for China to become one of the Big Four, constantly criticizing imperialist fallacies and consciously eschewing hegemony.In view of Chiang's long-term experience and exploits since his involvement in and later dominance over Chinese politics in the 1920s, Chiang was arguably both a nationalist and a flexible internationalist.