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題名：活動參與者擁擠知覺、休閒知覺自由與流暢體驗之關係--以澎湖沙灘節為例
書刊名：運動與遊憩研究
作者：楊倩姿 引用關係／陳正國 引用關係／張良漢 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yang, Chien-tzu／Chen, Cheng-kuo／Chang, Liang-han
出版日期：2012
卷期：6:4
頁次：頁114-130
主題關鍵詞：休閒知覺自由；擁擠知覺；流暢體驗；Crowding perceived；Perceived freedom of leisure；Flow experience
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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過往研究對於活動遊憩者休閒知覺自由與流暢體驗之探討，已獲致相當豐碩之成果，然而，活動參與者在活動體驗之擁擠知覺感知面向，迄今未能獲致應有之關注。本文旨在驗證活動參與者擁擠知覺、休閒知覺自由與流暢體驗之關係。此外，本研究以具有特殊景色的澎湖沙灘節進行調查，運用簡單隨機抽樣與結構式問卷進行資料收集，共計獲致有效問卷465份。本文進行假設之驗證，研究結果顯示，參予者在高度的擁擠知覺之，感受到活動有較高的休閒知覺自由。此外，擁擠知覺會正向影響流暢體驗。然而，擁擠知覺亦藉活動休閒知覺自由讓活動之心流體驗越高。本文亦提出若干管理意涵與未來研究方向之建議。
Previous studies have accumulated plentiful outcomes on the perceived Freedom of Leisure and Flow Experience of the participant; however the consideration of Crowding Perceived of the participant is still wanting. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among crowding perceived, freedom of leisure and flow experience. This paper tries to construct a close tie among recreationists, recreational activities, and recreational settings through personal characteristics. In addition, this study has a special section of the beach scene investigation of Penghu festival in Taiwan, the use of simple random sampling method and structured questionnaire to collect data, a total of 465 usable questionnaires were achieved. Results suggest that crowding perceived induces freedom of leisure and flow experience for the participant. Furthermore, the crowding perceived is positive related to freedom of leisure and the crowding perceived is positive related to flow experience, which may offer researchers to get better understanding between the recreational activities. Managerial implications and future research directions are also proposed in this study.
期刊論文
1.蔡瑋娟、黃孟立、陳聰獻(20070600)。泳渡日月潭參與者流暢經驗之研究。生物與休閒事業研究，5(1)，116-132。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Ellis G. D.、Witt, P. A.(1994)。Perceived freedom in leisure and satisfaction: Exploring the factor structure of the perceivedfreedom components of the leisure diagnostic battery。Leisure Sciences，16(4)，259-270。  new window
3.林樹旺(20051200)。登山自行車參與者活動參與涉入程度與流暢體驗之相關研究。生物與休閒事業研究，3(2)，153-164。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Rebeiro, Karen L.、Polgar, Jan Miller(19990201)。Enabling occupational performance: Optimal experiences in therapy。Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy，66(1)，14-22。  new window
5.黃于庭(20080900)。休閒知覺自由與流暢體驗之關係：以自行車使用者為例。運動休閒餐旅研究，3(3)，68-83。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.張良漢(200606)。大學生休閒覺知自由與休閒無聊感之相關研究。聯大學報，3(1)，156-170。  延伸查詢new window
7.Janiskee, R. L.(1996)。Historic houses and special events。Annals of Tourism Research，23(2)，398-414。  new window
8.Kelly, John R.(1972)。Work and Leisure: A Simplified Paradigm。Journal of Leisure Research，4(1)，50-62。  new window
9.Stokols, Daniel(19760301)。The experience of crowding in primary and secondary environments。Environment and Behavior，8(1)，49-86。  new window
10.張孝銘(20000600)。休閒勝任感、掌控感與休閒參與流暢體驗之相關研究。大專體育學刊，2(1)，47-56。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Gramann, J. H.(1982)。Toward A Behavioral Theory of Crowding in Outdoor Recreation: An Evaluation and Synthesis of Research。Leisure Sciences，5(2)，109-126。  new window
12.Harrell, Gillbert D.、Hutt, Michael D.、Anderson, James C.(1980)。Path Analysis of Buyer Behavior Under Conditions of Crowding。Journal of Marketing Research，17(1)，45-51。  new window
13.Shelby, Bo、Heberlein, Thomas A.、Vaske, Jerry J.、Alfano, Geraldine(1983)。Expectations, Preferences, and Feeling Crowded in Recreation Activities。Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal，6(1)，1-14。  new window
14.Stockdale, J. E.(1978)。Crowding: Determinants and effects。Advances in Experimental and Social Psychology，11，197-247。  new window
15.Tinsley, H. E. A.、Tinsley, D. J.(1986)。A theory of attributes, benefits, and causes of leisure experience。Leisure Sciences，8(1)，1-45。  new window
16.Webster, Jane、Trevino, Linda Klebe、Ryan, Lisa(1993)。The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human-computer interactions。Computers in Human Behavior，9(4)，411-426。  new window
17.Mason, Peter、Cheyne, Joanne(2000)。Residents' attitudes to proposed tourism development。Annals of Tourism Research，27(2)，391-411。  new window
18.Jackson, Susan A.、Marsh, Herbert W.(1996)。Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Optimal Experience: The Flow State Scale。Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology，18(1)，17-35。  new window
19.Andereck, K. L.、Becker, R. H.(1993)。Perceptions of carry-over crowding in recreation environments。Leisure Sciences，15(1)，25-36。  new window
20.Aske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.(2002)。Generalizing the encounter-norm-crowding relarionship。Leisure Sciences，24(3/4)，255-269。  new window
21.Choi, S. C.、Mirjafari, A.、Weaver, H. B.(19760901)。The Concept of Crowding: A critical Review and Proposal of an Alternative Approach。Environment and Behavior，8(3)，345-363。  new window
22.Cohen, J.、Sladen, B.、Bennett, B.(197506)。The effects of situational variables on judgments of crowding。Sociometry，38(2)，278-281。  new window
23.Desor, J.(1972)。Toward a psychological theory of crowding。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，2(1)，79-83。  new window
24.Graefe, A. R.、Vaske, J. J.、Kuss, F. R.(1984)。Social carrying capacity: an integration and synthesis of twenty years of research。Leisure Sciences，6(4)，395-431。  new window
25.Hammitt, W. E.、McDonald, C. D.、Noe, F. P.(1984)。Use level and encounter: Important variables of perceived crowding among nonspecialized recreationists.。Journal of Leisure Research，16(1)，1-8。  new window
26.Han, Q.、Dellaert, B. G.、Fred, W. V.、Harry, J. P.(201011)。Visitors’ strategic anticipation of crowding in scarce recreational resources。Journal of RetailingandConsumerServices，17(6)，449-456。  new window
27.Hemingway, J.(1996)。Emancipating leisure: The recovery of freedom in leisure。Journal of Leisure Research，28(1)，99-111。  new window
28.Karageorghis, C. I.、Vlachopoulos, S. P.、Terry, P. C.(2000)。Latent variable modeling of the relationship between flow and exercise- induced feelings: An intuitive appraisal perspective。European Physical Education Review，6(3)，230-248。  new window
29.Lee, H.、Graefe, A. R.(200302)。Crowding at an Arts Festival: Extending Crowding Models to the Frontcountry。Tourism Management，24(1)，1-11。  new window
30.Light, D.(1996)。Characteristics of the audience for ‘events’ at a heritage site。Tourism Management，17(3)，183-190。  new window
31.Loomis, J. B.(199304)。An Investigation Into the Reliability of Intended Visitation Behavior。Environmental and Resource Economics，3(2)，183-191。  new window
32.Manning, R. E.、Valliere, W.、Wang, B.、Jacobi, C.(1999)。Crowding Norms: Alternative Measurement Approaches。Leisure Sciences，21(2)，219-229。  new window
33.Schmidt, D. E.(1979)。Human Crowding and Personal Control: An Integration of Research。Psychological Bulletin，86(2)，680-700。  new window
34.Shelby, B.、Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.(1996)。Norms, standards and natural resources。Leisure Sciences，18(2)，103-123。  new window
35.Stokols, D.(1972)。A social–psychological model of human crowding phenomena。Journal of the American Institute of Planners，38(2)，72-83。  new window
36.Vaske, J.、Donnelly, M.(2002)。Generalizing the encounter - norm - crowding relationship.。Leisure Sciences，24(3/4)，255-269。  new window
37.Wakefield, K. L.、Blodgett. J. G.(1994)。The Importance of Services Capes in Leisure Service Settings.。Journal of Service Marketing，8(3)，66-76。  new window
38.Walter, F. K.、Thomas, A. H.(1992)。Cognitive and Behavioral Adaptations To Perceived Crowding: A Panel Study of Coping and Displacement.。Journal of leisure resear，24(4)，377-393。  new window
39.Westover, T. N.、Collins, J. R.(1987)。Perceived crowding in recreation settings: An urban case study。Leisure Sciences，9(2)，87-99。  new window
40.Westover, T. N.(198905)。Perceived crowding in recreational settings: an environment-behavior model。Environment and Behavior，21(3)，258-276。  new window
41.Yoon, S.、Spencer, D. M.、Holecek, D. F.、Dae-Kwan, K.(2000)。A profile of Michigan’s festival and special event tourism market。Event Management，6(1)，33-44。  new window
會議論文
1.Grieser, K.、Dawson, C.、Schuster, R.(2005)。Visitor Perceptions of Crowding: An Exploratory Study in the Mohonk Preserve。2004 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium。  new window
2.Hektner, J. M.、Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1996)。A longitudinal exploration of flow an intrinsic motivation in adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American education research association。annual meeting of the American education research association。New York：Alfred Sloan Foundation。  new window
學位論文
1.郭璞真(2005)。臺北當代藝術館之觀眾研究--以涉入程度與流暢經驗為焦點(碩士論文)。臺南藝術學院，臺南縣。  延伸查詢new window
2.張永進(2003)。運動員目標涉入、自覺能力、目的狀態與覺醒對流暢經驗頻率及強度之影響(碩士論文)。國立體育學院，桃園縣。  延伸查詢new window
3.范靖惠(1997)。性別、休閒覺知自由與自我概念之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.聶喬齡(2000)。心理技能、運動表現與運動流暢經驗的關係研究(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。  延伸查詢new window
5.郭肇元(2003)。休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之關係探討(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳偉睿(2002)。網際網路之流暢經驗初探性研究(碩士論文)。國立中山大學，高雄市。  延伸查詢new window
7.張孝銘(2006)。登山冒險遊憩行為模式之研究(博士論文)。國立體育學院。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.陳守忠(2006)。人與獨木舟的對話--阿拉斯加海洋獨木舟之冒險體驗(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。  延伸查詢new window
9.Rigoni, S.(2000)。The risk handling behavior of white water kayakers.Unpublished master thesis(碩士論文)。The University of Northern British Columbia。  new window
圖書
1.黃孟立(2005)。泳渡日月潭參與者休閒需求、參與動機、流暢經驗之研究。台北市：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
2.Witt, P. A.、Ellis, G. G.(1989)。The leisure diagnostic battery user’s manual。State College, PA：Venture Publishing, Inc。  new window
3.Manning, R. E.(1999)。Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction。Corvallis, Oregon：Oregon State University Press。  new window
4.Jackson, E. L.、Burton, T. L.(1989)。Beyond Social Carrying Capacity. In Understanding Leisure and Recreation。Oxford Circle, State College：Venture Publishing, Inc。  new window
5.Neulinger, J.(1981)。The psychology of leisure。Charles C. Thomas。  new window
6.Iso-Ahola, Seppo E.(1980)。The Social Psychology of Leisure and Recreation。William C. Brown Company Publishers。  new window
7.Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(1975)。Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: The Experience of Play in Work and Games。Jossey-Bass。  new window
8.交通部觀光局(2002)。91 年國人旅遊狀況調查報告。交通部觀光局。  延伸查詢new window
9.交通部觀光局(2005)。七美九孔節、白沙丁香季、菊島海鮮節產業觀光效益評估與規劃。澎湖國家風景區管理處。  延伸查詢new window
10.交通部觀光局(2006)。94 年國人旅遊狀況調查報告。交通部觀光局。  延伸查詢new window
11.澎湖縣政府(2008)。澎湖海島國際藝術沙灘節成果報告書。澎湖縣政府。  延伸查詢new window
12.Altman, I.(1975)。The environment and social behavior。Monterey, CA：Brookes。  new window
13.Loomis, J. B.、Walsh, R. G.(1997)。Recreation Economic Decision: Comparing Benefits and Costs。Venture Publishing, Inc.。  new window
其他
1.Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(1992)。Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York, NY:。  new window
2.Eills, G. D.，Witt, P. A.(1987)。The leisure diagnostic battery users.，Florida：North Palm。  new window
3.Heberlein, T. A.，Vaske, J. J.(1977)。Crowding and visitor conflict on the Bois Brule River(report WIS WRC 77-04)。，Madison, WI：University of Wisconsin Water Resources Center。  new window
圖書論文
1.Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(1988)。The Flow Experience and its Significance for Human Psychology。Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Massimini, Fausto、Carli, Massimo(1988)。The systematic assessment of flow in daily experience。Optimal experience: psychological studies of flow in consciousness。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Baum, A.、Paulus, P. B.(1991)。Crowding。Handbook。  new window
4.Bregha, F. J.(1980)。Leisure and freedom reexamined。Recreation and leisure: Issues in an era of change。State College, PA：Venture Publishing。  new window
5.Rapoport, A.(1976)。Toward a redefinition of density。Crowding in Real Environents。London：Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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