本文蒐集有關罰球點球的相關研究，並加以整理分析，經文獻探討顯示，選擇合理的防守區域、及早撲救、正確判斷射門方向是成功撲救的關鍵。本文的研究從分析世界盃足球賽中踢罰球點球的型態及射門員踢罰球點球的策略探討，以尋求足球守門員防守罰球點球的合理對策，作為教練訓練時之參考。本研究結果：一、「依賴射手」和「不依賴射手」策略取決於撲救前守門員能否從射門員身上獲得與之相關的視覺回饋資訊，透過分析獲得這些資訊的可能性，推斷出預先決定撲救方向。二、守門員罰球點球防守的合理行動策略是球門的左下角和右下角兩個區域。撲救前，身體直立、屈膝半蹲或使用假動作迷惑對手，撲救時，左（右）腳向前方踏出一步，接著向同一方向撲出。

The purpose of the study was to collect and analyze research related to penalty kick shooting. Based on the previous literatures, it is believed that the key to successfully saving penalty kicks includes choosing a possible region for defending, trying to dive in advance, and anticipating the direction of the opponent shooting. In the current study, the types and strategies of penalty kicks were analyzed in order to seek for reasonable defending strategies for goalkeepers, which can be used as reference for coaches. The result revealed that first, strategies of "penalty taker dependent" and "penalty taker independent" are determined by whether a goalkeeper can observe visual feedback information from a shooter and then analyze the information to anticipate a possible direction of a kick before shooting. Second, a reasonable strategy for a goalkeeper to save a penalty kick is to move toward the lower left or right regions of the goal. Before saving the ball, the goalkeeper has to remain upright, bend knees, or perform fake actions to confuse the opponents. When diving to the ball, the left (or right) foot has to step forward, followed by diving into the same direction.