Gender Differences in Taiwanese EFL Learners' Use of English Pronouns__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Gender Differences in Taiwanese EFL Learners' Use of English Pronouns
書刊名：	臺中教育大學學報. 人文藝術類
作者：	吳睿純
作者(外文)：	Wu, Jui-chun
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	26:2
頁次：	頁69-88
主題關鍵詞：	以英語為外語；代名詞；性別差異；EFL；Gender difference；Pronoun
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:5 點閱:23

許多社會語言學家皆認為女性是較為合作、體貼的會話者，而男性在談話時則較具競爭性（Coates 1989, 1993, 1995; Holmes 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1995），這樣的性別差異也表現在第二語言的習得上，例如：女性常被認為是學得較快也較好的第二語言學習者（Boyle 1987; Ekstrand 1980; Farhady 1982; Larsen-Freeman & Long 1991），也有學者發現女性喜歡使用較為正式的語言形式（Gussenhoven 1979; Leather & James 1996）。然而，這樣一股關於性別差異研究的熱潮似乎尚未蔓延到代名詞習得的研究領域中。因此，本研究將探討「性別差異」在以英語為外語的臺灣學生使用英語代名詞時所扮演的角色。我們設計了三個實驗項目，分別是「問與答」、「圖片描述」、與「說故事」來引導受試的臺灣男、女大學生使用英語代名詞。研究結果顯示，女性較少使用代名詞也較少有代名詞錯用的情形；而性別差異的歧視也多出現在男性的語言使用上，也就是男性較常使用陽性的he來取代she，用his來取代her。另外，從「問與答」中我們也發現女性傾向提供更多的解釋而非只是簡單的回答問題，這也驗證了女性是較體貼、合作的談話者。上述這些差異都達到統計上的顯著性（p <.05）。期望本研究結果可以提供教師在面對不同性別的英語學習者習得英語代名詞的過程中有些啟發和幫助。

以文找文

Sociolinguists have long suggested that females are more cooperative, considerate and facilitative conversationalists, while males are generally considered less supportive and more competitive (Coates 1989, 1993, 1995; Holmes 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1995). Studies on second language acquisition have also arrived at some interesting findings regarding gender differences. For instance, it was found that females are generally better and quicker second language (L2) learners than males (Boyle 1987; Ekstrand 1980; Farhady 1982; Larsen-Freeman & Long 1991). Others claimed that females are more likely to use prestige forms (Gussenhoven 1979; Leather & James 1996). However, this growing body of research into gender differences seems to have attracted the attention of few specialists in pronominal acquisition, especially in the field of L studies. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the role of gender in determining the English pronominal use of Taiwanese EFL learners. Three experiments- namely, question-and-answer (Q&A), picture-description, and storytelling-were conducted in order to elicit the use of English pronouns by both male and female Taiwanese EFL learners. Results showed that female learners used fewer pronouns and committed fewer pronominal errors than their male counterparts. In addition, linguistic sexism occurred more often among the males, who replaced she and her with he and his with a significantly greater frequency. Moreover, results from the Q-&-A task showed that females were more likely to provide explanations, rather than merely answering the questions in simple sentences. This confirms the growing belief that females are more considerate and supportive conversationalists. All the differences stated above were statistically significant (p＜.05). It is hoped that the results of our study will have pedagogical implications for EFL instructors teaching English pronominal systems to male and female learners.

以文找文

期刊論文
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7.	Ekstrand, L.(1980)。Sex differences in second language learning? Empirical studies and a discussion of related findings。International Review of Applied Psychology，29，205-259。
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9.	Farhady, R.(1982)。Measures of language proficiency from the learners perspective。TESOL Quarterly，16，43-59。
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11.	Holmes, J.(1984)。Women’s language: a functional approach。General Linguistics，24，149-178。
12.	Holmes, J.(19860300)。Functions of you know in women and men’s speech。Language in Society，15(1)，1-21。
13.	Holmes, J.(1991)。Language and gender。Language Teaching，24，207-220。
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16.	Leather, J.、James, A.(1996)。The acquisition of second language speech。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，13，305-341。
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18.	Lin, Y. H.(2003)。Interphonology variability--Sociolinguistic factors affecting L2 simplification strategies。Applied Linguistics，24(4)，439-464。
19.	Loveland, K. A.(1984)。Learning about points of view: spatial perspective and the acquisition of I/You。Journal of Child Language，11，535-566。
20.	McMillan, J. R.、Clifton, A. K.、McGrath, D.、Wanda, S. G.(1977)。Women’s language: Uncertainty or interpersonal sensitivity and emotional?。Sex Roles，3，545-559。
21.	Rispoli, M.(1994)。Pronoun case overextensions and paradigm building。Journal of Child Language，21，157-172。
22.	West, C.(1979)。Against our will: male interruptions of females in cross-sex conversation。Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences，327，81-97。
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會議論文
1.	Gussenhoven, C.(1979)。Pronunciation preference among Dutch students。The Second International Conference on the Teaching of Spoken English, University of Leeds。University of Leeds。
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學位論文
1.	Li, Cherry Ing(1985)。Participant Anaphora in Mandarin Chinese(博士論文)。University of Florida，Gainesville, FL。
2.	Sharpless, E. A.(1974)。Children s Acquisition of Person Pronouns(博士論文)。Columbia University。
3.	Strayer, J.(1977)。The Development of Personal Reference in the Language of Two-year Olds(博士論文)。Simon Fraser University。

圖書
1.	Lakoff, Robin(1975)。Language and Woman's Place。New York：Harper and Row。
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4.	Jaeggli, Osvaldo、Safir, Kenneth(1989)。The Null Subject Parameter。Dordrecht：Kluwer。
5.	Tsao, F.-F.(1979)。A Functional Study of Topic in Chinese: the First Step Towards Discourses Analysis。Taiwan：Student Bookstore。
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9.	趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。
10.	Maccoby, Eleanor E.、Jacklin, Carol N.(1974)。The Psychology of Sex Differences。Stanford University Press。
11.	Coates, J.(1993)。Women, Men, and Language。London：Longman。
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17.	Wang, L.(1985)。Modern Chinese grammar。Jinan：Shangdon Jiaoyu Chubanshe。

圖書論文
1.	Coates, J.(1995)。The Negotiation of Coherence in Face-to-Face Interaction: Some Examples from the Extreme Bounds。The Negotiation of Coherence。New York：John Benjamins。
2.	Tsao, F. F.(1983)。Linguistics and written discourse in particular languages: Contrastive studies: English and Chinese (Mandarin)。Annual review of applied linguistics 1982: Linguistics and written discourse。Rowley, MA：Newbury House。
3.	Fishman, Pamela(1980)。Conversational insecurity。Language: Social Psychological Perspectives。Pergamon Press。
4.	Fishman, Pamela M.(1983)。Interaction: the work women do。Language, Gender and Society。Rowley, Mass：Heinle & Heinle。
5.	Coates, J.(1989)。Gossip revisited: language in all-female groups。Women in Their Speech Communities。London：Longman。
6.	Leet-Pellegrini, H. M.(1980)。Conversational dominance as a function of gender and expertise。Language: Social Psychological Perspectives。Oxford：Pergamon Press。
7.	Rizzi, L.(1982)。Negation, wh-movement and the null subject parameter。Rizzi Issues in Italian Syntax。
8.	Schick, C.(1988)。Cultural differences, not deficiencies: an analysis of managerial women’s language。Women s Careers: Pathways and Pitfalls。New York：Praeger。
9.	West, C.、Zimmerman, D.(1983)。Small insults: a study of interruptions in cross-sex conversations between unacquainted persons。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance。Rowley, Massachusetts：Newbury House。
10.	Zimmerman, D.、West, C.(1975)。Sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance. Rowley。Massachusetts：Newbury House。

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