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題名：以適讀性公式挑選英文讀本之探究
書刊名：教育資料與圖書館學
作者：陳海泓
作者(外文)：Chen, Hai-hon
出版日期：2012
卷期：50:2
頁次：頁229-254
主題關鍵詞：適讀性公式；Microsoft Word文書處理；網路免費適讀工具；年級程度；Readability formula；Microsoft word processing program；Free web-based calculators；Grade-level score
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在說明常用的適讀性公式。以三本英文讀本The empty pot（670字）、Smoky night（1,267字）、和Sarah, plain and tall（3,158字）為研究對象，以Microsoft Word文書處理軟體的可讀性公式、網路免費適讀工具的適讀公式、以及手算，進行讀物適讀年級程度的計算；其次，比較同一讀本在不同的適讀軟體公式或手算所得的結果是否相同？研究結果指出： 1. 三本讀物The empty pot字數最少、適合美國五年級程度閱讀，Sarah, plain and tall字數最多、適合美國三、四年級閱讀程度，Smoky night適合美國三年級程度。 2. Microsoft Word文書處理的可讀性公式統計，可取得文本全文的適讀分數及年級程度，簡易方便使用。 3. 適讀性公式會依公式採用分析比較的因素不同，結果稍有差異，但每本書的難度排列順序或適讀年級的順序是相同的。 4. 適讀性公式的決定因素相同，不論是手算的Fry圖或使用電腦工具的Flesch-Kincaid，所得的年級程度相同。文中並提出臺灣教師、圖書教師或館員應用適讀性公式為臺灣學生選擇英語讀物的建議。
The purpose of this study was to describe the most common readability formulas. Three children’s books, The empty pot (670 words), Smoky night (1,267 words), and Sarah, plain and tall (3,158 words) were used as the subjects to calculate the numerical or grade-level score. The study also focused on comparing readability formulas that were calculated using different methods: with a tool embedded in a Microsoft Word processing program, with Free Text Readability Consensus Calculator tools found on the web, and by hand. Results were presented as follows: 1. The empty pot that was the least words got a fifth-grade level, Sarah, plain and tall that was the most words got a third-fourth grade level, Smoky night a third grade level. 2. Readability formula embedded in a Microsoft Word processing program was the easiest way to obtain the most accurate readability scores by typing the entire book into a word document. 3. Readability scores differed slightly depending on the readability tool that was used. However, the rank of the three books was the same among the different tools. 4. The readability levels obtained from Fry by hand were the same as results of the Flesch-Kincaid from Microsoft Word and from free web-based calculators. Owing to these two formulas were used the same variables, sentence length and number of syllables per word to calculate the readability levels.
期刊論文
1.Fitzgerald, J. L.、Watkins, M. W.(2006)。Parents' rights in special education: The readability of procedural safeguards。Exceptional Children，72(4)，497-510。  new window
2.Fry, E.(2002)。Readability versus Leveling。Reading Teacher，56(3)，286-291。  new window
3.Oxford, Rebecca、Crookall, David(1989)。Research on language learning strategies: Methods, findings, and instructional issues。The Modern Language Journal，73(4)，404-419。  new window
4.荊溪昱(19950500)。中文國文教材的適讀性研究：適讀年級值的推估。教育研究資訊，3(3)，113-127。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.McLaughlin, G. H.(1969)。SMOG Grading: A New Readability Formula。Journal of Reading，12(8)，639-646。  new window
6.Flesch, Rudolf F.(1948)。A New Readability Yardstick。Journal of Applied Psychology，32(3)，221-233。  new window
7.Fry, E.(1977)。Fry's readability graph: Clarifications, validity, and extension to level 17。Journal of Reading，21(3)，242-252。  new window
8.張武昌(20060400)。臺灣的英語教育：現況與省思。教育資料與研究，69，129-144。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Hamilton, C.、Shinn, M. R.(2003)。Characteristics of word callers: An investigation of the accuracy of teachers' judgments of reading comprehension and oral reading skills。School Psychology Review，32(2)，228-240。  new window
10.陳世敏(19711100)。中文可讀性公式試擬。新聞學研究，8，181-225。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.鄭宗諭、劉淑敏(19950700)。文章可讀性計算公式--單字、句型自然習得之道。英語教學，20(1)=77，31-35。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.O'Connor, R. E.、Bell, K. M.、Harty, K. R.、Larkin, L. K.、Sackor, S. M.、Zigmond, N.(2002)。Teaching Reading to Poor Readers in the Intermediate Grades: A Comparison of Text Difficulty。Journal of Educational Psychology，94(3)，474-485。  new window
13.Arthur, V. A. M(1995)。Written patient information: A review of the literature。Journal of Advanced Nursing，21(6)，1081-1086。  new window
14.Burke, V.、Greenberg, D.(2010)。Determining readability: How to select and apply easy-touse readability formulas to assess the difficulty of adult literacy materials。Adult Basic Education and Literacy Journal，4(1)，34-42。  new window
15.Gottlieb, R.、Rogers, J. L.(2004)。Readability of health sites on the Internet。International Electronic Journal of Health Education，7，38-42。  new window
16.Holcomb, C. A.、Stith, M.(1985)。Readability of selected parent education publications。Family Relations，34(2)，151-159。  new window
17.Klare, G. R(1976)。Judging readability。Instructional Science，5(1)，55-61。  new window
18.Meade, C. D.、Smith, C. F.(1991)。Readability formulas: Cautions and criteria。Patient Education and Counseling，17(2)，153-158。  new window
19.Ogloff, J. R. P.、Otto, R. K.(1991)。Are research participants truly informed? Readability of informed consent forms used in research。Ethics & Behavior，1(4)，239-252。  new window
20.Sperling, R. A(2006)。Assessing reading materials for students who are learning disabled。Intervention in School and Clinic，41(3)，138-143。  new window
會議論文
1.Anderson, J.(198305)。Cohesion, comprehending and comprehensibility。Anaheim, CA: Annual meeting of the International Reading Association。  new window
研究報告
1.周碩貴(2002)。科技大學學生英文字彙量與閱讀補救教學研究 (計畫編號：NSC 91-2411-H224-008)。台南縣：國立雲林科技大學應用外語系。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Dubay, W. H.(2007)。Smart language: Readers, readability, and the grading of text。Costa Mesa, CA：BookSurge Publishing。  new window
2.Oxford, Rebecca L.(1990)。Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know。Newbury House。  new window
3.Conard, S. S(1984)。On readability and readability formula scores (Ginn Occasional Papers: Writings in reading and language arts, Vol. 17)。Columbus, OH：Ginn and Company。  new window
4.Conley, M. W.(2008)。Content area literacy: Learners in context.。Boston：Pearson。  new window
5.Crawley, S. J.、Mountain, L. H.(1995)。Strategies for guiding content reading。Boston：Allyn & Bacon。  new window
6.Harris, T. L.、Hodges, R. E.(1981)。Readability In A dictionary of reading and related terms。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。  new window
7.Micro Power & Light Co.(2003)。Readability calculations (Windows Version 5.0) [Computer Software]。Dallas, TX：Micro Power & Light Co.。  new window
8.Vacca, R. T.、Vacca, J. A. L.(2008)。Content area reading: Literacy and learning across the curriculum。Boston, MA：Pearson。  new window
其他
1.Hiebert, E. H.(2011)。The Common Core Standards and TextComplexity.，Baltimore, MD：Paul Brookes Publishing。，http://textproject.org/assets/library/papers/Hiebert-2011-Text-Complexity-Lexiles.pdf， 2012/05/15。  new window
2.Johnson, K.(1998)。Readability，http://www.timetabler.com/reading.html， 2012/05/15。  new window
3.McLaughlin, G. H.(2008)。SMOG: Simple measures of gobbledygook，http://www.harrymclaughlin.com/SMOG.htm， 2012/05/15。  new window
4.Micro Power & Light Co(2012)。Readability software，http://www.micropowerandlight.com/rd.html， 2012/05/20。  new window
5.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。Automated readability index (ARI)，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/automated-readability-index.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
6.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。Free text readability consensus calculator，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/free-readability-formula-tests.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
7.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。Linsear write formula，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/linsear-write-readability-formula.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
8.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。The Coleman-Liau readability formula (also known as the Coleman-Liau Index).，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/coleman-liau-readability-formula.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
9.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。The gunning’s fog index (or FOG) readability formula，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/gunning-fog-readabilityformula.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
10.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。The flesch grade level readability formula，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/flesch-grade-level-readability-formula.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
11.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。The flesch reading ease readability formula，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/flesch-reading-ease-readability-formula.php， 2012/05/15。  new window
12.ReadabilityFormulas(2012)。The SMOG readability formula，http://www.readabilityformulas.com/smog-readability-formula.php， 2012/05/20。  new window
圖書論文
1.Klare, G. R.(1984)。Readability。Handbook of reading research。Longman。  new window
2.Ahmed, Medani Osman(1989)。Vocabulary learning strategies。Beyond words。London：British Association for Applied Linguistics。  new window
3.Binkley, M. R.(1988)。New Ways of Assess Text Difficulty。Readability: Its Past, Present, and Future。Newark, Delware：International Reading Association。  new window
4.Bamman, H. A(1989)。Readability。In World book encyclopedia。Chicago：World Book, Inc.。  new window
5.Schmitt, N.(1997)。Vocabulary learning strategy。Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Smith, C. M.(2007)。Teaching and learning in adult basic education。Literacy for the new millennium: Volume 4. adult literacy。Westport, CT：Praeger。  new window
 
 
 
 
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