認知功能會隨著年齡的增長而衰退，在臺灣人口漸趨老年化的情況下，使得如何增進或維持認知功能已成為現今社會重要的議題。研究指出健身運動對認知功能有正面效應，然而這些研究多是以有氧健身運動型態作為探討方向，近年來始有研究探討阻力健身運動與認知功能之間的效應。本文之的目的即是回顧該議題，並著重於健身運動對認知功能的現況、阻力健身運動對認知功能的可能機制，以及慢性與急性阻力健身運動對認知功能等相關研究，最後對此做總結，並為後續研究提供可能方向。經回顧後發現，持續至少8周、2至3組、強度為50%1RM、6至8種動作且每週至少1次的慢性阻力健身運動，以及2組、75%10RM強度、6種不同動作的急性阻力健身運動，對於特定認知功能有正面效應。建議未來研究應針對認知測驗的擇選、劑量反應，以及參與者族群等議題作進一步釐清。

Cognitive functioning declines with aging. Under the circumstances of an increasing aging population in Taiwan, how to maintain or improve cognitive functioning in the population has become an important issue. Although studies indicate that exercise might have positive effects on cognitive functions, the majority of those studies have focused on the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shifted their attention to exploring the effects of resistance exercise on cognition. In line with this trend, the purpose of this paper is to review relevant studies that focus on potential mechanisms of which resistance exercises might contribute to the improvement of cognitive functioning, to provide the effects of both chronic and acute resistance exercise on cognition, and to present suggestions for future studies. The review indicated that chronic resistance exercise performed at least once a week with 2 to 3 sets, 6 to 8 types of movements, 50% 1 RM for 8 weeks, and acute resistance exercise with 2 sets, 6 types of movement, and 75% 10 RM might had positive effects on specific cognitive functioning. Issues including the types of cognitive tasks chosen, the dose-response relationships, and participant, are warranted for further examination.