領導是人類社會中無所不在的行為，只要是兩個人以上的團體，就有領導的事實存 在。而領導的優劣，不但關係到組織的績效與未來發展，同時影響到組織成員需求滿足 的程度。領導對於國家、企業、學校、軍事等都很重要，優秀領導人的領導方式、領導 作為、領導風格，也深深的影響到組織的表現與發展，更影響到被領導者工作的滿意與 績效。 大體而言，領導已經不再是傳統的、單純的下達命令或專斷獨行，而是一個極其複 雜的人際互動過程，也是一個具有高度藝術性與科學性的過程。軍事組織領導統御雖與 私人企業管理工作不同，但領導者應擁有特質，洞察機先的能力，卻無不同，惟在如今 變動頻繁時代，新時代軍事領導者的內涵，也應與時俱進，方能滿足各方的殷望，才能 成為一個成功的軍事領導人，並試著歸納成功軍事領導人的特質。 「以銅為鏡可以正衣冠，以古為鏡可以知興替，以人為鏡可以明得失。」在楚漢相 爭歷史中的劉邦與項羽，一個是開創帝王之業的勝利人傑，一個是自刎烏江的悲劇英 雄，在秦末的農民戰爭，他們響應陳勝、吳廣「伐無道，誅暴秦」的起義，揭竿而起， 共同征戰；消滅暴秦後，又經歷了楚漢相爭，結果漢勝楚敗，建立了西漢王朝。《史記》 中記載了劉邦與項羽的一生大致經歷，描述了他們參與的主要戰役，同時反應了他們周 圍的重要人物，如項伯、項梁、范增、張良、蕭何、韓信、英布、樊噲、盧綰等人對劉 邦與項羽決策的影響，我們試著從這段歷史故事中尋求軍事組織領導的啟發。

Leading is an existing human behavior which is residing in the group of two and more. However, the quality of leadership not only reflects to the organizational performance and development but heavily impacts on members’ satisfaction degree. Leadership is critical to a nation, enterprise, institution and military. A good leader’s actions, reactions and style strongly influence organizational performance and development and as well as leader’s personal satisfaction and achievement. Overall speaking, leadership is no longer a conventional and mono lateral order giving process. Leadership is a complex human interaction process that significant with great involvement of art and science. Although the military leading is different from cooperative leading on expertise, leaders from both fields equip the same characteristics and abilities. Military leaders in the new age need to reflect to the trend and meet the modern standard in order to satisfy the requirements. One Chinese proverb once said that, “one can use bronze mirror to check own appearance; one can use history to understand the rise and fall of powers; one can use other’s experience to comprehend the advantage and disadvantage. During the Tsu-Han rivalry era of the Chinese history, Liubun and Hsianyu are characterized with each distinctive outcome. In the farmers’ rivalry at the end of Ching dynasty, they echoed Chenshen and Wugwuns’ rebellion against the authorities. Once the Ching dynasty was overthrown, Liu won the rivalry and established the Han dynasty. The book of “Shijii”, the chronicle of Chinese history”, has described the general life of Liu and Hsian and battles they have participated. This book has also reflected some key characters at the time such as Hsianpo, Hsianlian …etc. and how they influenced Liu and Hsians’ decision making. This article tends to discuss some inspirations of military organizational leadership that induce from the history.