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題名：營造討論的學習環境：一個班級的教學實踐經驗
書刊名：新竹教育大學教育學報
作者：黃永和 引用關係／李佳潔
作者(外文)：Huang, Yung-ho／Lee, Chia-chieh
出版日期：2013
卷期：30:2
頁次：頁29-64
主題關鍵詞：討論；教學；教學策略；協同學習；Discussion；Teaching；Instructional strategy；Collaborative learning
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:155
在學習共同體的教學實踐中，學生必須透過更多的討論來承擔自己主動學習及與他人協同學習的責任。然而，讓學生參與真正好的討論並不是一件簡單的事，討論能力並不是與生俱來的，需要教師有計畫的引導和啟發，並經常實踐在教室日常生活之中，直到變成教室文化的一部份，才能營造教室即討論社群的學習情境，實踐學習共同體的理想。本文首先透過文獻探討，分析指出當前討論教學實施仍存在著以IRE／F作為主要的討論型態、教師是討論教學的中心，以及只關注於學科內容層面的討論等三個普遍性問題。然後，再藉由一個營造討論學習環境的協同行動研究方案，分析說明一位小學三年級級任導師指導學生討論技巧、學生帶領小組討論，以及建立支持討論學習環境的教學活動設計與實踐經驗。本文具體提出營造討論學習環境的12項教學活動，指出本方案能提昇學生討論能力的自我效能，增進對討論的正向看法與態度，展現較好的討論秩序與行為表現，發展「共同建構」的討論型態，期能對國內討論教學理論與實務的發展有所助益。
This paper describes a project aimed at improving the quality of class discussions. After reviewing related literature, we identified the following reasons for relevant discussions being unsatisfying: First, teachers typically misinterpret ”recitation” to mean ”discussion.” Second, teachers tend to emphasize strategies for encouraging students to participate in discussions enthusiastically rather than the development of students' discussion skills. Third, teachers generally focus exclusively on discussing the learning subject and fail to create an open environment that supports discussion. Thus, we proposed a project comprising 12 instructional activities for teachers to generate real discussions. This project was implemented in a third-grade elementary classroom for approximately 3 months. The implementation results showed that the project improved the students' self-efficacy regarding their discussion skills and the overall quality of classroom discussions.
期刊論文
1.Applebee, A. N.、Langer, J. A.、Nystrand, M.、Gamoran, A.(2003)。Discussion-based approaches to developing understanding: Classroom instruction and student performance in middle and high school english。American Educational Research Journal，40(3)，685-730。  new window
2.Berne, J.、Clark, K.(2008)。Focusing literature discussion groups on comprehension strategies。The Reading Thacher，62(1)，74-79。  new window
3.Gambrell, L. B.(2001)。Shifts in the conversation: Teacher-led, peer-led, and computer-mediated discussions。The Reading Teacher，58(2)，212-215。  new window
4.Hollander, J. A.(2002)。Learning to discuss: Strategies for improving the quality of class discussion。Teaching Sociology，30，317-327。  new window
5.Leachman, G.、Victor, D.(2003)。Student-led class meetings。Educational Leadership，60(6)，64-68。  new window
6.Maloch, B.(2002)。Scaffoldings student talk: One teacher's role in literature discussion groups。Reading Research Quarterly，37(1)，94-112。  new window
7.Mundfrom, D. J.、Shaw, D. G.、Ke, T. L.(2005)。Minimum sample size recommendations for conducting factor analyses。International Journal of Testing，5(2)，159-168。  new window
8.Preacher, K. J.、MacCallum, R. C.(2002)。Exploratory factor analysis in behavior genetics research: Factor recovery with small sample sizes。Behavior Genetics，32(2)，153-161。  new window
9.Wilen, W. W.(2004)。Refuting misconceptions about classroom discussion。The Social Studies，95(1)，33-39。  new window
10.董秀蘭(20060900)。臺灣北部三縣市八年級學生社會學習領域課堂討論經驗與影響因素之調查研究。公民訓育學報，18，65-89。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Gall, M. D.、Gillett, M.(1980)。The discussion method in classroom teaching。Theory into Practice，19(2)，98-103。  new window
12.Berne, J.、Clark, K.(2005)。Meaning-making in ninth grade: An exploratory study of small group, peer-led literature discussions。Illinois Reading Council Journal，33(3)，31-38。  new window
13.King, Alison(1994)。Guiding Knowledge Construction in the Classroom: Effects of Teaching Children How To Question and How To Explain。American Educational Research Journal，31(2)，338-368。  new window
14.MacCallum, Robert C.、Widaman, Keith F.、Zhang, Shaobo B.、Hong, Sehee H.(1999)。Sample size in factor analysis。Psychological Methods，4(1)，84-99。  new window
學位論文
1.沈文蓓(1997)。小學高年級學生小組討論之歷程分析(碩士論文)。國立臺南師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Seligman, Martin E. P.、洪莉(2008)。一生受用的快樂技巧--幫助孩子建造心中穩固堅定的樂觀金字塔。台北：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.王財印(2004)。討論教學法。教學原理。臺北：心理。  延伸查詢new window
3.張新仁(1992)。討論的技巧。教學原理。臺北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
4.Baines, E.、Blatchford, P.、Kutnick, P.(2009)。Promoting effective group work in the primary classroom: A handbook for teachers and practitioners。New York, NY：Routledge。  new window
5.Barkley, E. F.、Cross, K. P.、Major, C. H.(2005)。Collaborative learning techniques: A handbook for college faculty。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
6.Davis, G.(2001)。A comparison of student-led discussions: Class meetings and novel discussions。Action, talk, and text: Learning and teaching through inquiry。New York, NY：Teachers College。  new window
7.Burden, P. R.、Byrd, D. M.(2007)。Methods for effective teaching。Boston, MA：Allyn and Bacon。  new window
8.Chapin, S. H.、O'Connor, C.、Anderson, N. C.(2003)。Classroom discussions: Using math talk to help students learn。Sausalito, CA：Math Solutions。  new window
9.Dunkin, M. J.(1987)。Lesson formats。The international encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education。New York, NY：Pergamon。  new window
10.Eggen, P. D.、Kauchak, D. P.(1998)。Strategies for teachers: Teaching content and thinking skills。Needham heights, MA：Allyn and Bacon。  new window
11.McKeachie, W. J.(2002)。McKeachie's teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers。Boston, MA：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
12.Sunal, C. S.、Haas, M. E.(2008)。Social studies for the elementary and middle grades: A constructivist approach。New York, NY：Pearson。  new window
13.Wilen, W. W.(1990)。Forms and phases of discussion。Teaching and learning through discussion: The theory, research, and practice of the discussion method。Springfield, IL：Charles C Thomas。  new window
14.Hess, D. E.(2009)。Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion。New York, NY：Routledge。  new window
15.Mercer, Neil(1995)。The guided construction of knowledge: Talk amongst teachers and learners。Multilingual Matters。  new window
16.佐藤學、黃郁倫、鍾啟泉(2012)。學習的革命：從教室出發的改革。臺北市：天下雜誌股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
17.沈翠蓮(2001)。教學原理與設計。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
18.林寶山(1990)。教學論--理論與方法。臺北：五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
19.Bandura, A.、Wessels, S.(1997)。Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control。New York：Freeman。  new window
20.Brookfield, S. D.、Preskill, S.(1999)。Discussion as a way of teaching: Tools and techniques for university teachers。London, UK：SRHE & Open University。  new window
21.Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich、Cole, Michael、John-Steiner, Vera、Scribner, Sylvia、Souberman, Ellen、Luria, A. R.、Lopez-Morillas, M.、Wertsch, James V.(1978)。Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes。Harvard University Press。  new window
其他
1.重編國語辭典修訂本，http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/， 2012/06/17。  延伸查詢new window
2.(2011)。恨團體報告，http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=l511122800649。  new window
3.In Merriam-Webster's Word Central，http://www.wordcentral.com。  new window
圖書論文
1.Donoahue, Z.(2001)。An examination of the development of classroom community through class meetings。Action, talk, and text: Learning and teaching through inquiry。New York, NY：Teachers college press。  new window
2.Gall, M. D.(1987)。Discussion methods。The international encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education。Pergamon。  new window
3.Dillenbourg, Pierre(1999)。What do you mean by collaborative learning?。Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches。Elsevier。  new window
 
 
 
 
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