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題名:試析軍人行德的束縛與自由--從實踐德行論的途徑談起
書刊名:哲學與文化
作者:尤淑如
作者(外文):Yu, Anna
出版日期:2014
卷期:41:1=476
頁次:頁79-100
主題關鍵詞:亞里斯多德麥金泰爾德行論武德軍人德行哲學諮商AristotleMacIntyreDoctrine of virtuesMilitary virtuesPhilosophical counseling
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束縛作為諮商的課題是就束縛所帶來的苦難而言之,束縛若肇因於倫理與道德的限制,乃某種倫理受苦的現象。這種受到人際關係互動意義所影響的束縛課題是倫理學的範疇,倫理作為人類複雜與微妙情感的構成元素,也是情緒發生或變化的根源之一。亞里斯多德也主張,不同情緒和各種德行之間存在著密切的關係,人們在行德時並不可能完全排除情緒,而是在適當地感受與表達情緒的過程中展現具有道德意義的行為。故而,倫理才因此在情感和情緒上產生束縛的受創困境。針對這些因倫理束縛所產生的受苦現象,本文主張,藉由德行論的德行觀有助於釋放倫理的束縛。一般而言,軍人在部隊裡受到比外面社會更多的限制和規範,如果軍人僅從限制或規範的觀點來看待德行或武德,那麼「行德」這件事對軍人而言,必然是充滿束縛與不自由的負面情緒。若要紓解此一困境,首先需釐清軍人行德時所可能遭遇的束縛現象;其次,深究「德行」的意涵,以此論證釋放軍人行德之束縛的可能性;第三,從束縛到自由的歷程中分析與建構軍事之哲學諮商的理論基礎。探討軍人行德的束縛與自由,除了從經驗層面分析當前軍人行德的諸種束縛現象及其受限的本質之外;探討德行的意涵,將有助於提升軍人行德的意願,使軍人從「我應遵守軍人讀訓,符合武德要求」這樣的意欲,提升至「我立志成為受人敬重的好軍人」的自我期許中。本文試圖從兩方向提供釋放軍人行德自由的觀點:1.從追求內在善與卓越標準的欲望釋放束縛,直至樂以行善的自由。2.從重視情緒與實踐智慧的培養中釋放束縛,直至善以行德的自由。
Bondage as a topic of counseling concerns the suffering it causes. If resulting from ethical and moral confines, bondage is a phenomenon of ethical suffering. Such an issue of bondage, affected by interpersonal reactions, belongs to the category of ethics, which is integral to the complicated and subtle feelings of human beings and triggers the occurrence and changes of emotions. Aristotle also argued that various emotions are closely related to all kinds of virtues as people do not eliminate emotions completely in their practice of virtues but rather show moral actions in the process of appropriately feeling and expressing emotions. Thus, ethics results in bondage as a trauma in feelings and emotions. Dealing with the suffering caused by ethical bondage, it is argued here that the view of virtues as part of the doctrine of virtues can facilitate the relief of ethical bondage. Generally, soldiers are more restrained and regulated in the army than in the outward society. If a soldier sees virtues or military virtues in the light of restraint and regulation, the ”practice of virtues” must be teemed with negative emotions such as bondage and loss of liberty. To be relieved from this plight, we must first clarify the bondage that a soldier may feel in the practice of virtues; then we need to study carefully the meanings of virtues whereby to argue for the possibility to relieve the sense of bondage; and third, we have to analyze and construct the theoretical foundation of philosophical counseling in military affairs in the process from bondage to liberty. In the inquiry of the soldiers' bondage and liberty in their practice of virtues, more than analyzing empirically the many kinds of bondage on the soldiers in their practice of virtues and their restrained nature, the exploration of the meaning of virtues can enhance the soldiers' will to practice virtues, improving on their intention to meet the requirements of military virtues and transform it into the aspiration to be a respectable soldier. This article is meant to the approach the soldiers' liberty in the practice of virtues from two perspectives: first, they must be relieved of the desire to pursue inward good and excellence in order to achieve the liberty to do good; second, they must be relieved of their bondage through cultivating their attention to emotions and wisdom in practice so as to attain the liberty to practice virtues.
期刊論文
1.詹哲裕、余一鳴(20100300)。軍事決策中倫理理論的功能與效用。復興崗學報,97,1-22。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.王俊南(20110400)。美國陸軍武德教育作法及其對國軍之啟示。陸軍學術雙月刊,47(516),110-120。  延伸查詢new window
3.徐星(2003)。武德人格--武德文化的永恒主題。軍事歷史研究,3。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃藿(20021200)。德行倫理學與情緒教育。社會文化學報,15,1-22。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.詹哲裕(20000609)。國軍軍事倫理教育的省察。第三屆國軍軍事社會科學學術研討會。  延伸查詢new window
2.詹哲裕(200512)。軍事倫理決策中道德判斷與認知探源。國軍通識教育學術研討會。政校軍社中心。  延伸查詢new window
3.康經彪(20130517)。陸軍官校品德教育的理念與實施。八十九週年校慶學術研討會,123-127。  延伸查詢new window
4.康經彪(20110914)。儒將--四書中的武德概念架構初探。國防大學建國一百年軍人與品德教育學術研討會。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Crisp, Roger(1991)。A Short History of Ethics。London:Routledge。  new window
2.Hauerwas, Stanley、紀榮智(2010)。和平的國度--基督教倫理學獻議。香港:基道出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.傅科、劉北成(2011)。規訓與懲罰:監獄的誕生。臺北:桂冠出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.孔穎達、李宗侗、葉慶炳(2009)。春秋左傳今註今譯。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
5.林武彥(2000)。蔣中正戰爭哲學思想研究。臺北:大航家企業公司。  延伸查詢new window
6.Crisp, Roger(1996)。How Should One Live? Essays on the Virtues。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
7.孫振青(1996)。亞里斯多德的倫理學。臺北:正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.林建福(2006)。德行、情緒與道德教育。台北市:學富文化。  延伸查詢new window
9.左丘明、上海師範大學古籍整理組(1981)。國語。臺北:里仁書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.魏汝霖、劉仲平(1985)。中國軍事思想史。臺北:黎明文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.李陽、馬丁.范克勒韋爾德(2010)。戰爭的文化。The Culture of War。北京:生活、讀書、新知三聯書局。  延伸查詢new window
12.Crisp, Roger(1998)。Vitue Ethics。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.(1969)。尉繚子卷5,兵教下。宋刊本武經七書。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
2.Aristotle.、Ross, W.D.、Mckeon, Richard(1995)。Ethica Nicomachea。The Basic Works of Aristotle。Routledge Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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