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題名：Effect of Extrinsic Motivation on Intrinsically Motivated Pole Vault Coaches and Athletes
書刊名：運動休閒餐旅研究
作者：許弘毅／Yokoyama, Brian／林作慶 引用關係／張志銘 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Hung-yi／Lin, Tso-ching／Chang, Chih-ming
出版日期：2014
卷期：9:2
頁次：頁93-105
主題關鍵詞：外在；內在；動機；運動員；訪談；Extrinsic；Intrinsic；Motivation；Athletes；Interview
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主要探討外在動機對於內在動機強烈的撐竿跳高教練與選手之影響，並且把研究主軸強調於外在因素，特別是比賽獎金及家庭壓力對具有內在動機的教練與選手所造成的影響。共有四位研究對象參與本研究，研究者使用深度訪談的方式來獲得他們每個人對於動機、金錢獎勵及家庭壓力的影響經驗，因為深度訪談最能挖掘出受訪對象心理真正的想法。研究結果顯示每位研究對象皆對撐竿跳高運動有非常大的熱情，其主要原因是有一顆熱愛的心。結論表示外在動機對於內在動機也存在負面的影響，因為金錢的獎勵通常造成他們內在動機變質；除此之外，如果獎勵能夠讓選手清楚了解自己能力，進而獲得成就感的話，外在因素亦可被當作強化動機的正面方法。
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of extrinsic motivation on intrinsically motivated pole vault coaches and athletes. The main aim of the discussion was to explore those extrinsic factors, in particular financial rewards and family pressure, on the intrinsic motivation of pole vault coaches and athletes. A total of 4 respondents were enrolled into this study and in-depth interview method was used to help gain meaningful insights into the extent of the intrinsic motivation of individuals because they can capture exhaustive and specific answers; thus, these contribute to formulating accurate conclusions. The results from the in-depth interview revealed a huge passion for the game among all of the respondents; their main reason was the love of the game. We found that extrinsic motivation has a negative impact on intrinsic motivation; monetary rewards produce a shift in their motivation. Despite this, extrinsic factors can be used to strengthen motivation if the rewards positively inform athletes about their ability, and thereby enhance their level of satisfaction.
期刊論文
1.Ruighaver, A. B.、Maynard, S. B.、Chang, S.(2007)。Organisational security culture: Extending the end-user perspective。Computers & Security，26(1)，56-62。  new window
2.Frederick, C. M.、Ryan, R. M.(1995)。Self-determination in sport: A review using cognitive evolution theory。International Journal of Sport Psychology，26(1)，5-23。  new window
3.Hennessey, B. A.、Amabile, T. M.(2005)。Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation。Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organizational Behavior，7(1)，3-23。  new window
4.Kehr, H. M.(2004)。Integrating implicit motives, explicit motives, and perceived abilities: The compensatory model of work motivation and volition。Academy of Management Review，29(3)，479-499。  new window
5.Lindenberg, S.(2001)。Intrinsic motivation in a new light。Kyklos，54(2)，317-343。  new window
6.Ferguson, M. J.、Bargh, J. A.(2004)。Liking is for doing: Effects of goal-pursuit on automatic evaluation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，87(5)，557-572。  new window
7.Deci, E. L.、Nezlek, J.、Sheinman, L.(1981)。Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，40(1)，1-10。  new window
8.Anderson, R.、Manoogian, S. T.、Reznick, J. S.(1976)。The undermining and enhancing of intrinsic motivation in preschool children。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，34(5)，915-922。  new window
9.Benabou, R.、Tirole, J.(2003)。Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation。Review of Economic Studies，70(3)，489-520。  new window
10.Deci, E. L.、Cascio, W. F.、Krusell, J.(1975)。Cognitive evaluation theory and some comments on the Calder and Staw critique。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，31(1)，81-85。  new window
11.Amabile, T. M.(1994)。Motivational synergy: toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace。Human Resource Management Review，3(3)，185-201。  new window
12.Ryan, R. M.、Deci, E. L.(2000)。Self-determination theory and facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being。American psychologist，55(1)，68-78。  new window
13.Deci, E. L.、Koestner, R.、Ryan, R. M.(1999)。A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation。Psychological Bulletin，125(6)，627-668。  new window
14.Grolnick, W. S.、Ryan, R. M.(1987)。Autonomy in children's learning: An experimental and individual difference investigation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，52(5)，890-898。  new window
15.Deci, Edward L.、Ryan, Richard M.(2008)。Self-Determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health。Canadian Psychology，49(3)，182-185。  new window
16.Deci, E. L.(1971)。Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，18(1)，105-115。  new window
17.Duda, Joan L.、Nicholls, John G.(1992)。Dimensions of Achievement Motivation in Schoolwork and Sport。Journal of Educational Psychology，84(3)，290-299。  new window
18.Vallerand, R. J.、Pelletier, L. G.、Blais, M. R.、Brière, N. M.、Senécal, C.、Vallières, E. F.(1992)。The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education。Educational and Psychological Measurement，52(4)，1003-1017。  new window
圖書
1.Dreikurs, F. E.(2000)。Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion。New York：Oxford University Press Inc。  new window
2.Robbins, S. P.、Judge, T. A.(2003)。Organizational behavior。Upper Saddle River, NJ：Pearson Education。  new window
3.Sansone, C.、Harackiewicz, J. M.(2000)。Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance。Academic Press。  new window
4.Deci, Edward、Ryan, Richard(1985)。Intricic Motivation and Self-determination。New York, NY：Plenum Press Publishing Co.。  new window
其他
1.Morris, R.(2004)。Pole vault history，http://www.ontrackandfield.com/main/catalog/2007/index.html， 2013/07/12。  new window
圖書論文
1.Deci, E. L.、Ryan, R. M.(2012)。Overview of self-determination theory。The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Deci, E. L.、Moller, A. C.(2005)。The concept of competence: A starting place for understanding intrinsic motivation and self-determined extrinsic motivation。Handbook of competence and motivation。New York, NY：Guilford Press。  new window
3.Duda, J. L.(2001)。Achievement goal research in sport: Pushing the boundaries and clarifying some misunderstandings。Advances in motivation in sport and exercise。Champaign, IL：Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.。  new window
4.Vallerand, Robert J.(1997)。Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation。Advances in Experimental Social Psychology。Academic Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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