21世紀中國崛起之後，臺灣的對中關係面臨新一波的挑戰。2008年中國國民黨再度執政，在政策面向大幅靠近中國，引起人民的疑慮。2014年3月爆發大型學運（太陽花學運），即因政府欲與中國簽訂《海峽兩岸服務貿易協議》而起。該項貿易協議雖為經濟議題，因牽涉到一千多種行業，影響人民生活至鉅。本文從文化人類學的研究取徑出發，分析「服貿」協議帶來的政治與經濟效應，將對臺灣各族群產生何種影響，有何利弊得失？經由對協議內容分析發現，「服貿」協議政策制訂過程，忽略臺灣內部複雜多層的族群關係及各族群特殊的生業模式，使得「服貿」若通過，所帶來不僅是對弱勢產業上的挑戰，更將衝擊臺灣在民主化之後得來不易的多元文化平衡狀態；甚至還包含國安上的危機，應該謹慎以對。本文提出「族群經濟學」的觀點，呼籲政府重新考量對中國的經濟交流政策，不僅看到「錢」的流動，也須看到「人」的流動，才能估算整體的利弊得失，促成全民共識，迎接中國崛起的挑戰。

China's emergence as a global power in the 21st century has presented Taiwan with new challenges. A drastic shift in policies towards China after the KMT regained the reins of government in 2008 has further resulted in wide-spread concern in Taiwan. That concern took form in student protests (the Sunflower Movement) beginning in March 2014 resulting from the signing of the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement with China. Even though that agreement was primarily an economic issue, the fact that over 1,000 industries would be affected suggests the wide-ranging effects it would have on Taiwan. This paper will analyze the economic and political consequences of the CSSTA and the effects it will have on Taiwan's ethnic groups from the perspective of cultural anthropology. I will show that the CSSTA fails to take into account Taiwan's complicated ethnic relations and different survival strategies and, if ratified, would not only adversely affect Taiwan's relatively weaker industries, but would also disrupt Taiwan's delicate multi-cultural balance. A further concern relates to national security issues. This paper argues from the perspective of ethnic economics that the government should reconsider its current policy of promoting economic exchanges with China. Only by taking the effects on people into account, and not just monetary benefits, will the government be able to assess the overall costs and benefits of CSSTA and promote a broad consensus on the issue.