This paper investigates the changes and the context of the national diplomacy undertaken by Muslim intellectuals. National diplomacy is a particular kind of diplomacy undertaken by private individuals and organizations, to some degree replacing the government’s role in diplomacy. The Chinese Muslim Salvation Association sent delegations to the Middle East and India for the purpose of mounting propaganda against Japan. After World War II, the nature of national diplomacy underwent changes because of the shift in the international political situation. That is to say, Muslim groups on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, whilst assuming responsibility for national diplomacy, competed for the legitimacy of their respective regimes. But since the China-Taiwan détente that has prevailed in cross-strait relations since the late 2000s, the patterns of national diplomacy by both regimes have undersore substantial changes .