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題名：空氣手槍選手瞄準及心跳率變化與射擊表現之關係
書刊名：體育學報
作者：蔡佳惠／季力康 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tsai, Chia-hui／Chi, Li-kang
出版日期：2015
卷期：48:1
頁次：頁93-103
主題關鍵詞：視覺能力；視力回收圖像；刺激涉入-拒絕假說；Visual ability；Sight pictures；Stimuli intake-rejection
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:15
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緒論：瞄準的精準度與視力回收息息相關，瞄準時須將注意力引導至外在的目標上，根據涉入－拒絕假說，此時心跳率將產生變化，因此，本文欲探討空氣手槍選手瞄準時不同的視力回收圖像、心跳率變化與射擊表現之關係。方法：招募五名中央警察大學射擊代表隊選手各射擊20發子彈，射擊時以POLAR錶紀錄選手的心跳率變化。每射擊一發子彈後實驗者詢問射擊選手擊發瞬間的視力回收圖像，並填寫視力回收圖像問卷，問卷包括圖像A－視覺焦點在靶紙上、圖像B－視覺焦點在準星照門上，以及圖像C－視覺焦點在靶紙以及準星照門上等三種視力回收圖像。結果：卡方考驗結果顯示不同視力回收圖像與心跳率變化間沒有關係（χ^2=.15,p ＞ .05）。二因子變異數分析結果顯示不同視力回收圖像在射擊成績有差異，射擊圖像為B的射擊表現（M=9.40分）顯著優於視力回收圖像為C的射擊表現（M=9.09分）。此外，不同心跳率變化在射擊表現上沒有顯著差異；不同視力回收圖像及不同心跳率變化在射擊表現上也沒有交互作用。結論：當選手運用視力回收圖像B的射擊表現優於視力回收圖像C，亦即，當選手在擊發瞬間將視覺焦點僅放在準星照門上時，其射擊表現會優於將視覺焦點分散在靶紙與準星照門兩者上的射擊表現。依據結果，本研究建議在射擊基礎訓練時透過視力回收圖像問卷建立瞄準概念，引導射擊運動員將視覺焦點放在準星照門上，可能有助於提升射擊表現。
Introduction: The accuracy of aiming is related to sight picture. According to stimuli in take-rejection hypothesis, shooter's heart rate could change when aiming. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between sight pictures, heart rate (HR) change when aiming and shooting performance in air pistol athletes. Method: Five shooters from Central Police University were recruited in this study. Each shooter took 20 shots. The collected date were HR, sight pictures and scores. HR was recorded by a Polar watch during shooting. After each shooter fired a single shot, researcher asked him/her the sight pictures at the moment of shooting and filled out the sight picture questionnaire. The sight picture questionnaire includes three kinds of sight pictures: sight pacture A (focusing on the target), sight picture B (focusing on the front sight and rear sight) and sight picture C (focusing on the target, front sight and rear sight). Results: Chi-square analysis indicated that there was no association between sight pictures and HR change (χ²=.15, p ＞ .05). Two-way ANOVA indicated that HR change had no significant effects on shooting performance, and the interaction between HR change and sight pictures on shooting performance was not noticed. However, there were significant differences on scores betwen different sight pictures. When shooters used sight picture B (M=9.40), scored higher than using sight picture C (M=9.09). Conclusion: This study showed that when shooters used sight picture B during aiming, shooting performance was better than sight pictures C. Specifically, shooters performed better when they focused on the front sight and rear sight of the gun than on both of the target and the sight of the gun. It is suggested that if coaches use sight picture questionnaire for establishing the conception of aiming and instruct shooters to focus on front sight and rear sight during basic air-pistol training, it could improve the shooting performance.
期刊論文
1.林柏毅、黃勝宏、林韋儒、黃崇儒、洪聰敏(20091100)。心跳生物回饋訓練對射箭選手心跳減速與運動表現的影響。臺灣運動心理學報，15，27-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Lacey, B. C.、Lacey, J. I.(1980)。Cognitive modulation of time-dependent primary bradycaradia。Psychophysiology，17(3)，209-221。  new window
3.Janelle, C. M.、Hillman, C. H.、Apparies, R. J.、Murray, N. P.、Meili, L.、Fallon, E. A.、Hatfield, B. D.(2000)。Expertise differences in control activation and gaze behavior during rifle shooting。Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology，21，70-91。  new window
4.豐東洋、季力康(20051200)。射擊前心跳率變化對雙不定向飛靶選手成績影響之研究。體育學報，38(4)，69-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Tremayne, P.、Barry, R. J.(2001)。Elite pistol shooters: Physiological patterning of best vs. worst shots。International Journal of Psychophysiology，41(1)，19-29。  new window
6.Sokolov, E. N.(1963)。Higher Nervous Functions: The Orienting Reflex。Annual Review of Physiology，25，545-580。  new window
7.豐東洋、季力康(2009)。不同技術層次空氣手槍選手射擊表現與心跳率變化之分析。體育學報，42(1)，13-24。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Lacey, J. L.、Lacey, B. C.(1962)。The law of initial value in the longitudinal study of autonomic constitution: Reproducibility of autonomic responses and response patterns over a four-year interval。Annals of New York Academy of Sciences，98，1257-1290。  new window
9.和田優、米田悠、石垣尚男(2007)。ジュニアテニス選手の視機能と球技能力に関する研究。舞鶴工業高等専門学校紀要，42，26-32。  延伸查詢new window
10.Nideffer, R. M.(1976)。Test of attentional and interpersonal sty tie。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，34(3)，394-404。  new window
11.Roger, A.、Voronin, L. G.、Sokolov, E. N.(1958)。An electroencephalographic investigation of the temporary connection during extinction of the orienting reflex in man。Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity，8，1-13。  new window
12.Voronin, L. G.、Sokolov, E. N.(1960)。Cortical mechanisms of the orienting reflex and its relation to the conditioned reflex: Proceedings of the International Conference on EEG and Higher Nervous Activity。Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology，13，335-344。  new window
13.Hatfield, B. D.、Landers, D. M.、Ray, W. J.(1987)。Cardiovascular-CNS interactions in a highly trained intentional attentive state。Psychophysiology，24，542-549。  new window
14.Abernethy, B. B.、Neal, R. J.(1999)。Visual characteristics of clay target shooters。Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport/ Sports Medicine Australia，2(1)，1-19。  new window
15.Ishigaki, H.、Miyao, M.(1993)。Differences in dynamic visual acuity between athletes and nonathletes。Perceptual and Motor Skills，77(1)，835-839。  new window
16.Salazar, W.、Landers, D. M.、Petruzzello, S. J.、Han, M. W.、Crews, D. J.、Kubitz, K. A.(1990)。Hemispheric asymmetry, cardiac response, and performance in elite archers。Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport，61(4)，351-359。  new window
17.黃至寬、黃崇儒、張智傑、洪聰敏(20110600)。心跳生物回饋訓練對空氣槍射擊的影響。大專體育學刊，13(2)，164-172。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Yur'yev, A. A.(1973)。Pulevaya sportivnaya strel'ba [Competitive shooting: Techniques and training for rifle, pistol and running game target shooting]。Moscow, Russia：Fizkul'tura i Sport。  new window
2.Williams, A. M.、Davids, K.、Williams, J. G.(1999)。Visual perception and action in sport。E. & F. N. Spon。  new window
其他
1.陳秋燕(2012)。從基本訓練技術做起【討論群組】，http://www.shootingsport.org.tw/bbs/board.php?bo_table=pistol&wr_id=7。  延伸查詢new window
2.International Shooting Sport Fedration(2013)。Official statutes rules and regulations，http://www.issf-sports.org/theissf/rules.ashx。  new window
3.Pennsylvania State University(2001)。Air pistol: Pennsylvania 4-H shooting Sports Guid，http://www.targetshooting.ca/docs/4H-AirPistol-a.pdf。  new window
4.Stevens, W. F.，Kvasnicka, J.，Howard Jr., R. A.，Bergum, M.。Introduction to the pistol，http://www.georgia4h.org/safe/Curiculum/Pistol.pdf。  new window
圖書論文
1.Lacey, J. I.(1967)。Somatic response patterning and stress: Some revisions of activation theory。Psychological stress: Issues in research。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.。  new window
2.Hanin, Y. L.(1980)。A study of anxirty in sports。Sport psychology: An analysis of athlete behavior。Ithaca, NY：Mouvement。  new window
3.Lacey, B. C.、Lacey, J. I.(1974)。Studies of heart rate and other bodily processes in sensorimotor behavior。Cardiovascular psychophysiology。Chicago, IL：Aldine。  new window
4.Lacey, J. I.(1959)。Psychophysiological approaches to the evaluation of psychotherapeutic process and outcome。Research in psychotherapy。Washington, D. C., WA：American Psychological Association。  new window
5.Lacey, J. L.、Kagan, J.、Lacey, B. C.、Moss, H. A.(1962)。The visceral level: Situational determinants and behavioral correlates of autonomic response patterns。Expression of the emotions in man。New York, NY：International Universities Press。  new window
6.Lacey, J. L.、Lacey, B. C.(1958)。The relationship of resting autonomic activity to motor impulsivity。The brain and human behavior。Baltimore, MD：Williams & Wilkins。  new window
7.Molander, B.、Jansson, J.(1997)。Concentration, heart-rate change, and precision-task performance in five sports。Innovations in sport psychology: Linking theory and practice. Proceedings (Part II) of the IX World Congress of Sport Psychology。Netanya, Israel：Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport。  new window
8.Sokolov, E. N.(1960)。Neuronal models and the orienting reflex。The central nervous system and behavior。New York, NY：Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation。  new window
 
 
 
 
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