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題名：衝突鑽石之國際法規範與我國鑽石管理制度之評析
書刊名：輔仁法學
作者：何明瑜 引用關係／李保儀
作者(外文)：Ho, Ming-yu／Lee, Pao-yi
出版日期：2015
卷期：49
頁次：頁99-154
主題關鍵詞：衝突鑽石；清白鑽石法案；金柏利認證機制；世界貿易組織；豁免證書；Conflict diamonds；Clean Diamond Trade Act；CDTA；Kimberley Process Certification Scheme；KPCS；World Trade Organization；WTO；Waiver
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衝突鑽石（Conflict Diamond）或許不若農業補貼或藥品強制授權等問題為人所熟稔，然較諸各種國際貿易衝突，本議題涉及基本人權保障與自由貿易精神，其重要性不亞於其他議題。本文首先將闡述衝突鑽石發生之背景、對區域安全的危害、並提及以及對貿易與人權的影響，藉以彰顯本議題之重要性。其次，討論國際間對應衝突鑽石問題之處理方法，包括聯合國決議文及金柏利認證機制（KPCS），以及國家在KPCS及WTO下義務之衝突與協調。再者，本文引美國清白鑽石法案（CDTA）為例，分析KPCS參與者依據KPCS要求所訂定的內部控制機制，在實踐上可能遭遇的問題。最後，藉由逐步討論我國鑽石原石輸出入貿易管理制度，法制面及規範面之問題，並借鏡外國立法例，針對我國管理制度之缺點加以檢討，測試現行規範是否足以符合實務上之應用，期能為立意良善之國內法規尋求更妥適的合法性與實用性，俾能與國際規範接軌而無間。
The trade in conflict diamonds has created some of the most serious human rights issues and devastated the security of global community. The purpose of this article is to examine legal issues arising from conflict diamonds under international law. This article will first explain the background of conflict diamonds and the effects of conflict diamonds on human rights and global security. It will further look at international efforts to curtail the trade in conflict diamonds, specifically examining the United Nations Resolutions and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS). It will also comment on the flaws and the effectiveness of the Clean Diamond Trade Act (CDTA) of the United States. In addition, the conflicts and harmonization between the KPCS and the World Trade Organization (WTO) will be analyzed in detail. Finally, this article will discuss the defects of Taiwan's internal control mechanism on importing and exporting rough diamonds and make some recommendations for future revision.
Other
1.ICTSD(2003)。WTO Goods Council Approves Kimberley Process Waiver，http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/wto-goods-councilapproves-kimberley-process-waiver， 2014/05/20。  new window
2.Eligon, John(20111103)。Global Witness Quits Group on Blood Diamonds，http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/world/africa/global-witness-quits-group-on-blood-diamonds.html?_r=0， 2014/05/18。  new window
3.Victims Speaking of Massacre Zimbabwe Diamonds Fields，http://www.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_9557000/9557246.stm， 2014/05/18。  new window
4.Zimbabwe Torture Camp Discovered，http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14445087， 2014/05/18。  new window
5.Cowell, Alan(20100717)。Group Allows Limited Sale of Zimbabwe's Diamonds。  new window
期刊論文
1.(200305)。經授貿字第092200210510號公告。經濟部公報，35(17)。  延伸查詢new window
2.(200310)。經授貿字第092200220410號公告。經濟部公報，35(34)。  延伸查詢new window
3.Feldman, Daniel(2003)。Conflict Diamonds, International Trade Regulation, and the Nature of Law。U. PA. J. INT'L ECON. L.，24，835。  new window
4.Fishman, Julie L.(2005)。Is Diamond Smuggling Forever? The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme: The First Step Down The Long Road to Solving The Blood Diamond Trade Problem。U. Miami Bus. L.，13，217。  new window
5.Fluet, Edward R.(2005)。Comment, Conflict Diamonds: U.S. Responsibility and Respones。SAN DIEGO INT'L L. J.，7，103。  new window
6.Forest, Laura(2001)。Sierra Leone and Conflict Diamonds: Establishing a Legal Diamond Trade and Ending Rebel Control over the Country's Diamond Resources。Ind. Int'l & Comp. L.，11，633。  new window
7.Gooch, Tina M.(2008)。Conflict Diamonds or Illicit Diamonds: Should The Difference Matter to The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme?。Natural Resources Journal，48，189。  new window
8.Holmes, Jamila D.(2007)。The Kimberley Process: Evidence of Change in International Law。BYU INT'L L. & MGMT，3，213。  new window
9.Hummel, Joseph(2007)。Comment, Diamonds Are a Smuggler's Best Friends: Regulation, Economic and Enforcement in the Global Effort to Curb the Trade in Conflict Diamonds。INT'L LAW，41，1145。  new window
10.Kaplan, Margo(2003)。Carats and Sticks: Pursuing War and Peace through the Diamond Trade。N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol，35(3)，559。  new window
11.Nichols, Julie E.(2012)。A Conflict of Diamonds: The Kimberley Process and Zimbabwe's Marange Diamonds Fields。Denver Journal of International Law & Policy，40(4)，648。  new window
12.Malamut, Seth A.(2005)。A Band-Aid on a Machete Wound: The Failures of the Kimberley Process and Diamonds-Caused Bloodshed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo。SUFFOLK TRANSNAT'L L.，29，25。  new window
13.Murphy, Shann K.(2011)。Clouded Diamonds: Without Binding Arbitration and More Sophisticated Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, the Kimberley Process Will Ultimately Fail in Ending Conflict Diamonds。PEPP. DISP. RESOL. L. J.，11，207。  new window
14.Amnesty International。The True Cost of Diamonds。THE WIRE，31(9)。  new window
15.Wallis, Annie(2005)。Data Mining: Lesson from the Kimberley Process for the United Nations Development of Human Rights Norms for Transnational Corporations。Nw. U. J. INT'L HUM. RTS.，4，388。  new window
16.Vetter, Gretchen A.(2007)。The Forgotten Million: Assessing International Human Rights Abuses in the Artisanal Diamonds Mining Industry。TRANSNAT'L L. & PROBS，16，733。  new window
17.Pauwelyn, Joost(2003)。WTO Compassion or Superiority Complex? What to Make of the WTO Waiver for ”Conflict Diamonds”。Michigan Journal of International Law，24(4)，1177。  new window
18.Price, Tracey Michelle(2003)。The Kimberley Process: Conflict diamonds, WTO Obligations, and the Universality Debate。Minnesota Journal of Global Trade，12(1)，1-70。  new window
研究報告
1.高玉泉(20100428)。衝突鑽石貿易規範之研究：一個法社會學的批判觀點 (計畫編號：NSC97-2410-H-005-025)。  延伸查詢new window
2.Cook, Nicolas(2003)。Diamonds and Conflict: Background, Policy, and Legislation。  new window
圖書
1.Campbell, Greg(2002)。Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World's Most Precious Stones Blood Diamonds。  new window
2.吳庚(2012)。行政法之理論與實用。臺北：吳庚。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.羅昌發(20100000)。國際貿易法：世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序國際經貿法研究。臺北：元照出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.鑽石原石輸出入貿易管理制度，http://www.laws.taipei.gov.tw/taipei/lawsystem/lawshowall02.jsp?LawID=A040100111006000-20031003&RealID=， 2014/05/08。  new window
2.Allison, Simon。Zimbabwe: Kimberley Process--Flawless it is not，ALLAFRICA., at http://allafrica.com/stories/201112070600.htm， 2013/12/16。  new window
3.ABOUT，http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/en/about， 2014/05/31。  new window
4.Bain Report，http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/global-diamond-report-2013.aspx， 2014/05/19。  new window
5.Conflict Diamonds: Agency Actions Needed to Enhance Implementation of the Clean Diamond Trade Act，http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06978.pdf， 2014/05/18。  new window
6.Global Witness，http://www.globalwitness.org/library/global-witnessleaves-kimberley-process-calls-diamond-trade-be-held-accountable， 2014/05/18。  new window
7.Human Rights Watch(2014)。Diamonds in the Rough: Human Rights Abuses in the Marange Diamond Fields of Zimbabwe，http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/06/26/diamonds-rough-0， 2014/05/19。  new window
8.HISTORY，http://www.worlddiamondcouncil.com/， 2014/02/08。  new window
9.International Organization for Standardization。New access(ISO 3166-1)。，http://www.iso.org/iso/iso-3166-1_decoding_table， 2012/12/31。  new window
10.Kretschmer, Tobias(1988)。De Beers and Beyond: The History of the International Diamond Cartel，http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~lcabral/teaching/debeers3.pdf， 2014/05/18。  new window
11.Kimberley Process FAQs，http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/faqs/index_en.html， 2014/05/18。  new window
12.On 5th December 2011 Global Witness announced its departure from the Kimberley Process……，http://www.globalwitness.org/conflictdiamonds， 2014/05/18。  new window
13.(2006)。U.N. Ad Hoc Working Group on the Review of the KPCS，http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2775763.stm， 2014/06/03。  new window
14.Vircoulon, Thierry(2010)。Times to Rethink the Kimberley Process: The Zimbabwe Case (On the African Peacebuilding Agenda)，http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/southern-africa/zimbabwe/op-eds/time-to-rethink-the-kimberley-process-the-zimbabwe-case.aspx， 2014/05/19。  new window
15.World Diamonds Council。The diamond industry fact sheet，http://www.worlddiamondcouncil.org/download/resources/documents/Fact%20Sheet%20(The%20Diamond%20Industry).pdf， 2014/05/02。  new window
16.WT/L/518，http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/gcounc_e/meeting_july05_e.htm， 2014/05/18。  new window
17.U.S. Ad Hoc Working Group on The Review of The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme(2006)。The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme 3rd year Review。  new window
18.U.S. Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committee(2006)。GAO Report。  new window
圖書論文
1.Marques, Rafael、Rui Falcão de Campos。All those diamonds that came from areas where diamond mining is based on the systematic violation of human rughts。LUNDAS-The stones of death: Angola's deadly diamonds: Human rights abuses in Lunda provinces 2004。Lisbon：Fundação Mário Soares。  new window
2.Schefer, Krista Nadakavukaren(2005)。Stopping Trade in Conflict Diamonds: Exploring the Trade and Human Rights Interface with the WTO Waiver for the Kimberley Process。Human Rights and Trade。Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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