本文概述日本學校諮商的歷史，並綜論在學校和教育制度層面，日本學校諮商的近期發展。文章從日本的教育和文化理念，剖析學校諮商和學校諮商師的近期發展。日本學校諮商的重點是透過個別諮商，為有心理問題的學生提供介入治療，並為照顧學生整體心理健康而給予關懷和支持。文部科學省和縣教育委員會的政策對學校諮商的發展有關鍵的影響。至於學校諮商能否有效實施，則與各區學校的不同需要、學校和社區內諮商輔導的主要角色和功能、與其他學生支援人員的協作等因素相關。本文最後探討日本學校諮商面對的挑戰和發展方向。

This article briefly reviews the history of school counseling in Japan and provides an overview of its current developments in schools and in the education system of Japan. The current development of the role of school counselors — and of school counseling in general — is examined from the perspective of the underlying educational and cultural framework. The focus of school counseling in Japan is to provide therapeutic interventions for students’ psychological problems by individual counseling, and through support and care of students’ overall mental health. The major variables influencing the development of school counseling are the policies of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the prefecture boards of education. The critical issues associated with effective implementation of school counseling are the diverse needs of schools in various regions, the central role and function of counseling and guidance within the school and community, and the integration of other student support personnel in the school of Japan. Future challenges and directions in the development of school counseling in Japan are discussed.