臺灣早期經濟發展係以農業為主要產業結構，因此與農地政策息息相關，惟產業結構轉為工商業之際，農地政策隨之發生變遷。本文主要探討影響《農村再生條例》制定的關鍵因素有哪些？以及《農村再生條例》與「小地主大佃農政策」之間的變遷是否具有因果關係？理論探討聚焦於路徑依賴理論，尤其是產生政策變遷時的「關鍵時刻」，所運用的研究途徑則包括質化與量化。研究結果發現我國農地政策，在不同的關鍵時刻分別受到不同重大因素影響：政治考量、經濟發展、生態保護以及農村社區參與等等。就《農村再生條例》而言，四項關鍵因素的相對重要性（亦即解釋力高低），最高者為農村社區參與因素，最低者為政治因素。至於《農村再生條例》與「小地主大佃農政策」之間的變遷具有因果關係。

Agriculture is the main industrial sector in the early stage of economic development in Taiwan, therefore the agricultural land closely associated with agricultural development is even more important. However, as the industrial structure gradually shifted to industry and commerce, the agricultural land policy has produced many problems. Thus, this article aims to apply the path dependence theory, especially the perspective of critical juncture, to analyze the influential factors of changing agricultural land policy. This article adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods: it first of all applies documentary analysis and pre-interview with the main actors. Then this artcile uses the quantitative method, including factor analysis and structural equation model to explain the results of questionnaire investigation. The findings indicate that the key factors influencing the change of the agricultural land policy at different critical juncture are affected by four factors in turns, including political, economic, ecological, and community participation factors. Among these factors, the most important one is community participation, and the least important one is political factor. Besides, there is an association found between the ”Small Land-owners and Big Landlord” and ”Regeneration of Rural Villages.”