體適能的表現被視為當代青少年健康的重要指標，自1994年以來，臺灣政府有系統地推動提升青少年體適能的政策。本研究目的在探討1994至2013年間體適能政策的脈絡，以及1997、2003、2008與2013世代10至18歲青少年的體適能表現。研究以系統性回顧法分析政策，並利用世代研究設計探究青少年的體適能全面發展情形。體適能表現資料包括身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、一分鐘仰臥起坐、立定跳遠及800/1,600公尺跑走。研究結果顯示：一、臺灣地區體適能政策歷經準備（1994~1998）、成長（1999~2003）、綻放（2004~2012），進入到成熟期（2013~）等四個階段。二、在1997~2013期間，男女生在身體質量指數上改變甚少；肌肉適能有進步的趨勢；柔軟度、瞬發力及心肺適能則逐漸退步。本研究結論：臺灣地區青少年體適能發展趨勢各要素雖有不同，但要素間相互關係顯示體適能表現間有不協調之現象。體適能檢測的實施已經為臺灣收集很多重要的世代資料，體適能政策並得以據此成就持續升級。

The performance of physical fitness is seen as an important indicator of the contemporary adolescent health. In order to enhance physical fitness of adolescents, Taiwan government has promoted many systemic policies since 1994. The purpose of this study was to explore the policy context of physical fitness from 1994 to 2013, and to assess the physical fitness performance of adolescents aged 10 to 18 years from 1997, 2003, 2008 and 2013 generations. In this study, systematic review was used for analyzing policy, while cohort study was designed to determine the overall development of physical fitness. The data of physical fitness performance, including body mass index (BMI), sit-and-reach, bent-leg curl-ups, standing long jump and 800/1,600-M run were recorded. The main results: (1) The process of physical fitness promotion in Taiwan has been categorized into four successive periods, such as preparatory period (1994 ~ 1998), growth period (1999 ~ 2003), bloom period (2004 ~ 2012), and mature period (2013 ~). (2) From 1997 to 2013, the BMI of boys and girls was slightly changed. The muscular fitness reported to be progressive, but decline in cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and explosive muscular power overtime has been noticed. In conclusion, the development trends of physical fitness parameters were different, and the relationship among parameters was inconsistent. Furthermore, the implementation of physical fitness test collected important data from generations of adolescents in Taiwan. This study suggests that implementation of physical fitness policies could keep on upgrading based on those achievements.