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題名:
Contamination and Equivocation: Managing Female Rebellion in Adeline Mowbray
書刊名:
小說與戲劇
作者:
林宜蓉
作者(外文):
Lin, Yi-rung
出版日期:
2015
卷期:
25:1
頁次:
頁1-32
主題關鍵詞:
污染
;
激進主義
;
女性造反
;
言詞閃爍
;
反雅各賓
;
歐碧
;
Contamination
;
Radicalism
;
Female rebellion
;
Equivocation
;
Anti-Jacobin
;
Opie
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:6
艾蜜莉雅.亞德森.歐碧(Amelia Alderson Opie, 1769-1853)的小説《愛德蘭.莫白瑞》(Adeline Mowbray)(1805)常被視為法國大革命及恐怖統治後一部反激進之作,雖歐碧與哥德温(William Godwin)及渥斯坦克萊(Mary Wollstonecraft)的激進圈子甚為親近。《愛德蘭.莫白瑞》積極評論現況及新興哲學,表面保守,實則揭露社會規範的空洞。歐碧的小説將被輿論唾棄的讀書女子、激進分子、墮落女子、和外國人比喻為污染,藉以檢視英國父權社會。歐碧顛覆污染的概念,暗喻看似飽受污染威脅的社會,實為髒污的荒原。此言詞閃爍之策公開支持主流意識,但暗中行批評之實,讓歐碧在高壓氛圍中表達顛覆性觀察時,得以保守婦道。言詞閃爍為歐碧處理女性造反議題的權宜之計,因為女人造反不見容於社會且被視為道德淪喪。歐碧的造反經迂迴手法處理後,展現保守外觀,有助確保其名聲及作品的出版。歐碧揭露社會輿論的不公。哥德温所倡的真愛伴侶,雖無婚姻保障且被視為悖德,但驗證於主角身上,卻是書中唯一理性互愛的結合。歐碧暗指英國保守社會消滅激進勢力的做法,毒害國家且危害其純潔分子。書中英國社會排斥讀書女子、激進分子、墮落女子、和外國人並視其為污染,不僅方向錯誤,對解決父權專制、放蕩主義、貪婪、偽善等深層污染源,則全面失敗。
以文找文
Amelia Alderson Opie’s (1769-1853) Adeline Mowbray (1805) is usually considered an anti-Jacobin novel of the post-French Revolution and Reign of Terror era because of its ostensible condemnation of the radical opposition to marriage, despite Opie’s close ties with William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft’s circle of radicals. Written in the “war of ideas” and arduously participating in the assessment of both the status quo and emergent political philosophies, Adeline Mowbray seems to tout a conservative political allegiance but actually undermines contemporary British reactionary, patriarchal society’s value systems by revealing them to be devoid of substantial merit. Opie’s novel of purpose effectively deploys the trope of contamination, a label frequently imposed upon such social outcasts as reading women, fallen women, radicals, and racial others at the time, to reflect on society instead. Turning the idea of contamination on its head, Opie reveals British society, which is usually portrayed to be endangered by contamination, to be the actual seat of a polluted wasteland. This strategy of equivocation––publicly endorsing dominant ideologies and covertly critiquing them––allows Opie to maintain feminine propriety while articulating her honest if subversive observations about society in the repressive political era depicted in the novel. Equivocation works as an expedient by which Opie manages her rebellion, which was not tolerated by her society since female rebels were associated with the French Revolution and deemed immoral. Opie’s rebellion, reined in by indirection, presents a quasi-conservative outlook, which helped to secure not only her reputation but the publication of her work. Opie exposes the fragility of and injustice in social conventions and public opinion. Godwin’s concept of rational and affectionate companionship without the sanction of marriage, while excoriated as immoral, when practiced by Adelineand Glenmurray in the novel, is the only benevolent, sensible, and meaningful relationship within the fictional economy, though society spares no effort to persecute them. The British society and its measures to quell any radical impulses in the wake of the French Revolution, Opie implies, stunt Britain’s social, political, and cultural progress and creates an infested environment, which not only contaminates its subjects but also endangers possibly its purest elements. In the novel, British society’s multi-faceted measures to exclude perceived pollutants, such as reading women, radicals, fallen women, and racial others, are revealed to be misdirected attempts to rid presumed, superficial ills, while failing comprehensively to tackle the genuine elements of contamination such as patriarchal tyranny, libertinism, greed, and hypocrisy.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Cannon, Mercy(2008)。Hygienic Motherhood: Domestic Medicine and Eliza Fenwick’s Secrecy。Eighteenth Century Fiction,20(4),535-561。
2.
Eberle, Roxanne(1994)。Amelia Opie’s ‘Adeline Mowbray’: Diverting the Libertine Gaze; Or, the Vindication of a Fallen Woman。Studies in the Novel,26(1/2),121-52。
3.
Freeland, Natalka(2002)。The Politics of Dirt in Mary Barton and Ruth。SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900,42(4),799-818。
4.
Howard, Carol(1998)。The Story of the Pineapple’: Sentimental Abolitionism and Moral Motherhood in Amelia Opie’s Adeline Mowbray。Studies in the Novel,30(3),355-376。
5.
Johnston, Kenneth R.(2009)。The Unromantic Lives of Others: The Lost Generation of the 1790s。The Wordsworth Circle,40(2/3),67-72。
6.
King, Shelley(2011)。Portrait of a Marriage: John and Amelia Opie and the Sister Arts。Studies in Eighteenth Century Culture,40,27-62。
7.
Lund, Roger D.(2003)。Infectious Wit: Metaphor, Atheism and the Plague in Eighteenth-Century London。Literature and Medicine,22(1),45-64。
8.
Mann, Annika(2012)。Waste Management: Tobias Smollett and Remediation。Eighteenth-Century Fiction,25(2),359-382。
9.
Tegan, Mary Beth(2010)。Mocking the Mothers of the Novel: Mary Wollstonecraft, Maternal Metaphor, and the Reproduction of Sympathy。Studies in the Novel,42(4),357-376。
10.
Tong, Joanne(2004)。The Return of the Prodigal Daughter: Finding the Family in Amelia Opie’s Novels。Studies in the Novel,36(4),465-483。
11.
Verderame, Michael(2012)。English Novelists Read the French Revolution。The Eighteenth Century,53(1),129-133。
12.
Bacon, Jon Lance(1991)。Wives, Widows, and Writings in Restoration Comedy。SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900,31(3),427-443。
圖書
1.
Davidoff, Leonore、Hall, Catherine(1987)。Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850。New York:Routledge。
2.
Kipp, Julie(2003)。Romanticism, Maternity, and the Body Politic。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
3.
Butler, Marilyn(1981)。Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and Its Background: 1760-1830。Oxford:Oxford UP。
4.
Douglas, Mary(2002)。Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and taboo。Routledge。
5.
Johnson, Claudia L.(1988)。Jane Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel。U of Chicago P。
6.
Buckley, Roger Norman(1998)。The British Army in the West Indies: Society and the Military in the Revolutionary Age。Gainesville:The UP of Florida。
7.
Cone, Carl B.(1968)。The English Jacobins: Reformers in Late 18th-Century England。New York:Scribners。
8.
Fordyce, James(1814)。Sermons to Young Women。
9.
Grenby, M. O.(2004)。The Anti-Jacobin Novel: British Conservatism and the French Revolution。Cambridge UP。
10.
Opie, Amelia、King, Shelley、Pierce, John B.(1999)。Adeline Mowbray。Oxford:Oxford UP。
11.
Perry, Ruth(2004)。Novel Relations: The Transformation of Kinship in English Literature and Culture, 1748-1818。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
12.
Smith, Ian。Reactions to Radicalism in Norwich 1789-1801。Norwich Heritage:Economic and Regeneration Trust。
13.
Wallace, Miriam L.(2009)。Revolutionary Subjects in the English “Jacobin” Novel, 1790-1805。Lewisburg:Bucknell UP。
14.
Wilson, Anna(2001)。Persuasive Fictions: Feminist Narrative and Critical Myth。Cranbury:Rosemont。
15.
Wollstonecraft, Mary、Todd, Janet(1993)。A Vindication of the Rights of Woman; A Vindication of the Rights of Men。Oxford:Oxford UP。
16.
Brightwell, Cecilia Lucy(1854)。Memorials of the Life of Amelia Opie, Selected and Arranged from Her Letters, Diaries, and Other Manuscripts。
17.
Foucault, M.、Sheridan, Alan(1995)。Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison。New York:Vintage Books。
18.
Kristeva, Julia、Roudiez, Leon S.(1982)。Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection。Columbia University Press。
19.
Nussbaum, Felicity A.(2003)。The Limits of the Human: Fictions of Anomaly, Race, and Gender in the Long Eighteenth Century。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
圖書論文
1.
Curran, Stuart(2010)。Women Readers, Women Writers。The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
2.
Kelly, Gary(2010)。Romantic Fiction。The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
3.
Peterson, Derek R.(2010)。[Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic] Introduction。Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic。Athens, Ohio:Ohio UP。
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