去（2012）年12 月16 日舉行日本眾議院選舉，自民黨獲得壓倒性 勝利，議席由119 席暴增為294 席，再度奪回執政權。此一選舉結果， 是否意味著日本選民將希望重新寄託給自民黨？安倍再度出任首相，其 外交安保政策是否會如許多外國媒體所言，安倍內閣的右傾化政策，將 對東亞區域安全造成重大影響？本文分別從政治、經濟、外交與安全保 障等三個觀點，分析安倍內閣所面臨的內外課題與挑戰。從得票率來分 析，自民黨僅獲得選民的「消極性支持」，必須在短期內滿足選民在經 濟問題的望治心切，才能贏得今夏的參議院選舉，並鞏固政權基礎。其 次，面對中共在經濟與軍事上的崛起，特別是在釣魚台／尖閣諸島議題 上的挑戰，安倍內閣將採取在強固的美日同盟基礎上，連結周邊民主價 值同盟，建構以中共為對象的「避險」或者是「再平衡」戰略。

On December 16, 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan won a landslide victory in the poll of the election of House of Representative. This victory has increased the seats of the LDP from 119 to 294 seats and brought the LDP back to power. Does the result imply that the Japanese people restore their faith in the LDP? Will the comeback of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe with his diplomatic and security policies, as predicted by foreign press, impact tremendously on the East Asian regional security, due to the Abe cabinet’s right-wing tendency? This article aims to analyze internal and external issues and challenges faced by the Abe cabinet from the political, economic, and diplomatic and security perspectives. Based on the percentage of votes it received, the LDP won only passive support from the voters, which means the LDP must satisfy the critical demands and expectations of the voters on economic issues in a short time in order to win the poll of the election of House of Councilors this summer and to consolidate its political power. Next, faced by the rising economic and military power of Mainland China and challenges posed by issues like the disputes over Diaoyutai/Senkaku Islands in particular, the Abe cabinet, based on the strong foundation of the U.S.-Japan alliance, will work to unite the neighboring democracies to establish a hedging or rebalancing strategy towards China.