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引文資料
題名:
Apologizing in Mandarin Chinese: A Study on Developmental Patterns
書刊名:
Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者:
張玉芳
作者(外文):
Chang, Yuh-fang
出版日期:
2016
卷期:
42:1
頁次:
頁73-101
主題關鍵詞:
語用發展
;
道歉語
;
國語
;
Pragmatic development
;
Speech act of apology
;
Mandarin
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:0
點閱:2
現有有關「道歉語」發展的研究多數探討西方兒童的發展,少有學者檢視東方兒童的道歉語發展情形。此外,多數探討道歉語發展的研究收集查驗兒童的語料。青少年的道歉表達與認知的情形和兒童、成人是否有差異則較少有學者探討。為清楚地瞭解道歉語的發展,本研究收集國小三年級、六年級、高中二年級及大學一年級學生的道歉語語料。每組各有男生30人,女生30人。資料收集的工具則是以情境問卷為主,收集道歉表達與認知資料。研究結果顯示在道歉認知的部分,四組不同年齡層的參與者對於情境的「冒犯嚴重程度」的認知差異不具顯著性。對於情境之「道歉的必要性」及「接受道歉的可能性」的認知部分,四組則有顯著差異。此研究發現意謂著道歉認知的發展歷程,對於情境的「冒犯嚴重程度」的認知發展應是早於冒犯別人之後需採取什麼行動及對方會如何回應的認知發展。在道歉表達的部分,各組所使用的道歉策略亦有顯著的差異。
以文找文
This study of the pragmatic development of the speech act of apology compares perception and production data from Mandarin-speaking participants in different age groups. Using a cross-sectional approach, subjects from 4 age groups (3rd grade, 6th grade, 10th grade and college freshmen) were selected to represent children, early adolescents, adolescents, and young adults groups. Data were collected using the perception assessment task and the discourse completion task. Differences across age groups were statistically significant in the perception of the obligation to apologize and the likelihood of apology acceptance but not statistically significant in the perception of the severity of the offense indicating the ability to judge offense severity develops earlier than the ability to assess what action to take after the offense and how people will respond to the apology. Developmental changes in apology production were also found through quantitative analysis of production data.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Trosborg, Ann(1987)。Apology strategies in natives/non-natives。Journal of Pragmatics,11(2),147-167。
2.
Chang, Yuh Fang(2010)。"I no say you say is boring": The development of pragmatic competence in L2 apology。Language Sciences,32(3),408-424。
3.
Bataineh, Rula F.、Bataineh, Ruba F.(2006)。Apology strategies of Jordanian EFL university students。Journal of Pragmatics,38,1901-1927。
4.
Nureddeen, Fatima Abdurahman(2008)。Cross cultural pragmatics: Apology strategies in Sudanese Arabic。Journal of Pragmatics,40(2),279-306。
5.
Suszczyńska, Malgarzata(1999)。Apologizing in English, Polish and Hungarian: Different languages, different strategies。Journal of Pragmatics,31(8),1053-1065。
6.
Holmes, Janet(1989)。Sex Differences and Apologies: One Aspect of Communicative Competence。Applied Linguistics,10(2),194-213。
7.
Holmes, Janet(1990)。Apologies in New Zealand English。Language in Society,19(2),155-199。
8.
Bataineh, Rula F.、Bataineh, Ruba F.(2008)。A cross-cultural comparison of apologies by native speakers of American English and Jordanian Arabic。Journal of Pragmatics,40(4),792-821。
9.
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana、Olshatin, Elite(1984)。Requests and apologies: The crosscultural study of speech-act realization pattern。Applied Linguistics,5(3),196-213。
10.
Darby, Bruce W.、Schlenker, Barry R.(1982)。Children's reactions to apologies。Journal of personality and social psychology,43(4),742-753。
11.
Ely, Richard、Gleason, Jean Berko(2006)。I'm sorry I said that: Apologies in young children's discourse。Journal of Child Language,33(3),599-620。
12.
Fujisawa, Keiko K.、Kutsukake, Nobuyuki、Hasegawa, Toshikazu(2005)。Reconciliation pattern after aggression among Japanese preschool children。Aggressive Behavior,31(2),2138-2152。
13.
Hussein, Riyad F.、Hammouri, Mamoun T.(1998)。Strategies of apologies in Jordanian Arabic and American English。Grazer Linguistische Studien,49,37-51。
14.
Kamph, Zohar、Blum-Kulka, Showhana(2009)。Do children apologize to each other? Apology events in young Israeli peer discourse。Journal of Politeness Research,3(1),11-37。
15.
Kim, Heesoo(2008)。The semantic and pragmatic analysis of South Korean and Australian English apologetic speech act。Journal of Pragmatics,40(2),257-278。
16.
Kochanska, Grazyna、Casey, Rita J.、Fukumoto, Atsuko(1995)。Toddlers' sensitivity to standard violations。Child Development,66(3),643-656。
17.
Ohbuchi, Kenichi、Sato, Kobun(1994)。Children's reactions to mitigating accounts: Apologies, excuses, and intentionality of harm。The Journal of Social Psychology,134(1),5-17。
18.
Ljungberg, Tomas、Horowitz, Laura、Jansson, Liselotte、Westlund, Karolina、Clarke, Charlotta(2005)。Communicative factors, conflict progression, and use of reconciliatory strategies in pre-school boys: A series of random events or a sequential process?。Aggressive Behavior,31(4),303-323。
19.
Sugimoto, Naomi(1997)。A Japan-US comparison of apology styles。Communication Research,24(4),349-369。
學位論文
1.
張淑美(2005)。國語情境道歉語之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。
延伸查詢
2.
陳慧蘋(2008)。道歉用語之性別差異:社會語用學研究(碩士論文)。輔仁大學。
延伸查詢
3.
林庭州(2010)。以中文為母語的兒童習得道歉語之實證研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。
延伸查詢
4.
劉姿穎(2008)。台灣大學生華語道歉策略之性別差異分析(碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學。
延伸查詢
5.
Robin, Edmundson(1992)。Evidence for Native Speaker Notion of Apologizing and Accepting Apologies in American English(博士論文)。Indiana University,Indiana。
6.
Smith, Craig Elliott(2009)。He Wished He Didn't Do It: Children's Thinking about Transgression and Apology(博士論文)。Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts。
7.
Sugimoto, Naomi(1995)。A Japan-US Comparison of Apology Style(博士論文)。University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign。
8.
蔡柏珍(2002)。漢語道歉語行之研究(碩士論文)。國立清華大學。
延伸查詢
圖書
1.
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana、House, Juliance、Kasper, Gabriele(1989)。Cross-cultural pragmatics: Request and apologies。Norwood, NJ:Ablex Publication。
2.
Lazare, Aaron(2004)。On apology。Oxford University Press。
3.
Piaget, Jean(1932)。The Moral Judgment of the Child。New York:Routledge Harcourt Brace Jovanovich。
圖書論文
1.
Bergman, Marc L.、Kasper, Gabriele(1993)。Perception and performance in native and nonnative apology。Interlanguage pragmatics。Oxford University Press。
2.
Kohlberg, L.(1986)。A current statement on some theoretical issues。Lawrence Kohlberg: Consensus and controversy。Philadelphia, PA:The Falmer Press。
3.
Beebe, Leslie M.、Cummings, Martha C.(1996)。Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance。Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to Communication in a Second Language。Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter。
4.
Fraser, Bruce(1981)。On Apologizing。Conversational Routine: Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech。The Hague:Mouton。
5.
Kasper, Gabriele(2000)。Data collection in pragmatics research。Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures。London:New York:Continuum。
6.
Kohlberg, Lawrence(1976)。Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive developmental approach。Moral development and behavior。New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston。
7.
Olshtain, Elite(1989)。Apology across languages。Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies。Norwood, Massachusetts:Newbury House Publishers。
8.
Olshtain, Elite、Cohen, Andrew(1983)。Apology: A speech act set。Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition。Newbury House。
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