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引文資料
題名:
生育旅遊的國界管理:赴美待產女性的國界規訓經驗
書刊名:
女學學誌:婦女與性別研究
作者:
康庭瑜
作者(外文):
Kang, Tingyu
出版日期:
2016
卷期:
38
頁次:
頁171-207
主題關鍵詞:
生育旅遊
;
國際遷移
;
新自由主義
;
性別
;
身體
;
懷孕
;
Birth tourism
;
Neoliberalism
;
Border management
;
Pregnancy
;
Migration
;
Gender
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
42
點閱:114
本文聚焦於台灣赴美生育旅遊,分析目的地國在出入境口的國界管理如何規範日漸盛行的跨國生育旅行,而從事跨國生育的女人又如何理解和回應這些國界規訓。本研究訪談美國國界管理者並分析相關的次級資料,包括國界管理者的受訪資料、聲明稿、政策和法規文件,以了解國界管理的政策、法律和執行;同時,本研究也與台灣赴美生育旅遊的女性進行訪談,探問她們受到國界規範的經驗。這些研究資料指出,對於生育旅遊,目的地國在出入境口的國界管理是非常新自由主義式的,即,若是你經濟自主且資本累積能力高,則國界歡迎你進來。這種新自由主義的國界邏輯看似以性別中立的語言寫成,實則有其性別面向:女人的生殖性被標誌為國家的財務風險。這些跨國生育旅遊的女人被出入境口國界管理者依年齡、婚姻狀態等分類檢查其生殖可能,高生殖可能者再依資本能力分類檢視,篩檢出好的生殖性和壞的生殖性。這個高度浮動的分類實踐,在赴美生育女性當中建構出一種特殊的法律地位主體意識,亦即指認自己的法律地位是浮動的。這種模糊的法律地位主體意識有幾種特徵:第一,它是一種高度身體化的主體意識;第二,它也是階級化的主體意識;第三,它有時也是種族化的主體意識。
以文找文
This article focuses on the context of birth tourism from Taiwan to the United States, analyzing how border regulators manage this increasingly popular phenomenon and how birth tourists experience and react to the regulations. The methods are twofold. Firstly, this research is based on interviews with border regulators and the analysis of relevant secondary materials to obtain information regarding how border regulators manage birth tourism. The analysis of secondary data mainly focuses on policy papers, public talks, and press releases by officers at Custom and Border Protection. Secondly, this study is also based on interviews with birth tourists which inquire into their experiences of border regulations. The findings suggest the regulation of birth tourism is largely governed by a neoliberal logic. That is, only financially autonomous and economically competent transnationals are considered qualified for entry. This seemingly gender-neutral border principal is in fact highly gendered, as women's reproduction is viewed as a financial threat to borders. Border regulators regularly scrutinize women's reproductive status and categorize them into "good pregnancy" and "bad pregnancy" according to their financial competence. This constructs an embodied subjectivity among the women that surrounds their vague and volatile legal status, leading to their constant self-surveillance of their own reproductive bodies. The process through which the women build a perception of their own legal status is racialized and classed. They construct birth tourists from other national and class backgrounds as a racial and economic Other to draw boundaries between themselves as the legitimate visitors and the have-nots as the outlawed, unwelcomed "black sheep" in the ever expanding flow of birth tourism.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Lentin, R.(2004)。Strangers and strollers: Feminist notes on researching migrant m/others。Womens Studies International Forum,27(4),301-314。
2.
陳美華(20100600)。性化的國境管理:「假結婚」查察與中國移民/性工作者的排除。臺灣社會學,19,55-105。
延伸查詢
3.
Lan, Pei-chia(2008)。New Global Politics of Reproductive Labor: Gendered Labor and Marriage Migration。Sociology Compass,2(6),1801-1815。
4.
Waters, J. L.(2002)。Flexible families? "Astronaut" households and the experiences of lone mothers in Vancouver, British Columbia。Social and Cultural Geography,3(2),118-134。
5.
Chavez, L. R.(2007)。The condition of illegality。International Migration,45(3),192-196。
6.
De Genova, N.(2002)。Migrant "illegality" and deportability in everyday life。Annual Review of Anthropology,31,419-447。
7.
Fanning, B.、Mutwarasibo, F.(2007)。Nationals/non-nationals: Immigration, citizenship and politics in the Republic of Ireland。Ethnic and Racial Studies,30(3),439-460。
8.
Gonzales, R. G.(2011)。Learning to be illegal: Undocumented youth and shifting legal contexts in the transition to adulthood。American Sociological Review,76(4),602-619。
9.
Gonzales, R. G.、Chavez, L. R.(2012)。"Awakening to a nightmare": Abjectivity and illegality in the lives of undocumented 1.5-generation Latino immigrants in the United States。Current Anthropology,53(3),255-281。
10.
Harrington, J. A.(2005)。Citizenship and the biopolitics of post-nationalist Ireland。Journal of Law and Society,32(3),424-449。
11.
Hiemstra, N.(2010)。Immigrant "Illegality" as Neoliberal Governmentality in Leadville, Colorado。Antipode,42(1),74-102。
12.
Huang, P.(2008)。Anchor babies, over-breeders, and the population bomb: The reemergence of nativism and population control in anti-immigration policies。Harvard Law and Policy Review,2,385-406。
13.
Ignatow, G.、Willaims, A. T.(2011)。New media and the "anchor baby" boom。Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,17(1),60-76。
14.
Lonergan, G.(2015)。Migrant women and social reproduction under austerity。Feminist Review,109(1),124-145。
15.
Mullally, S.(2005)。Debating reproductive rights in Ireland。Human Rights Quarterly,27(1),78-104。
16.
Tormey, A.(2007)。"Everyone with eyes can see the problem": Moral citizen and the space of Irish nationhood。International Migration,45(3),69-100。
17.
Varsanyi, M. W.(2008)。Rescaling the "alien", rescaled personhood: Neoliberalism, immigration and the state。Annals of the Association of American Geographers,98(4),877-896。
18.
Varsanyi, M. W.、Nevins J.(2007)。Introduction: Borderline contradictions: Neoliberalism, unauthorized migration, and intensifying immigration policing。Geopolitics,12(2),223-227。
19.
Willen, S.(2007)。Towards a critical phenomenology of "illegality": State power, criminalization, and abjectivity among undocumented migrant workers in Tel Aviv, Israel。International Migration,45(3),8-36。
20.
曾嬿芬(20060300)。誰可以打開國界的門?--移民政策的階級主義。臺灣社會研究,61,73-107。
延伸查詢
21.
Lan, P.(2008)。Migrant women's bodies as boundary markers: Reproductive crisis and sexual control in the new ethnic frontiers of Taiwan。Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society,33(4),833-861。
22.
黃宗儀、胡俊佳、賴彥甫(20140600)。從人口政策到排他論述︰內地孕婦赴港分娩與出生公民權的文化政治。臺灣社會研究季刊,95,179-220。
延伸查詢
會議論文
1.
Kang, T.(201508)。Policing reproductive bodies: The moral panics and border management of birth tourism in the US。The 12th Conference of the European Sociological Association,(會議日期: August 25-28)。Prague, Czech Republic。
圖書
1.
Rose, Nikolas(1999)。Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought。Cambridge University Press。
2.
Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann(2002)。Birthing the nation: Strategies of Palestinian women in Israel。Berkeley:University of California Press。
3.
Foucault, Michel、Bertani, Mauro、Fontana, Alessandro、Macey, D.(2003)。Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France 1975-1976。New York:Palgrave Macmillan。
4.
McClintock, Anne(1995)。Imperial leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest。Routledge。
5.
Ong, Aihwa(1999)。Flexible citizenship: the cultural logics of transnationality。Durham:Duke University Press。
6.
Ong, Aihwa(2006)。Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty。Duke University Press。
7.
Stoler, Ann Laura(1995)。Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things。Durham, NC:Duke University Press。
8.
Yuval-Davis, Nira(1997)。Gender and Nation。Sage。
其他
1.
自由時報(20151018)。部落客自爆:懷孕35週闖美,讓小孩變「美國公民」,http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1479298, 2016/07/08。
延伸查詢
2.
自由時報(20151018)。扯!闖關美國生子還教戰躲海關「穿搭術」,http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1479519, 2016/07/08。
延伸查詢
3.
邱瓊平(20151019)。機上生產一場騙局?恐傷台灣形象,http://udn.com/news/story/8845/1258385-%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8F%E6%A9%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%80%E5%A0%B4%E9%A8%99%E5%B1%80%EF%BC%9F%E6%81%90%E5%82%B7%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1, 2016/07/08。
4.
聯合報(20151019)。這些國家不承認雙重國籍,為何台灣不禁止,http://udn.com/news/story/8845/1258397-%E9%80%99%E4%BA%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D-%E7%82%BA%E5%95%A5%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%8D%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%EF%BC%9F, 2016/07/08。
5.
Chang, C.(20130103)。In suburbs of LA, a cottage of birth tourism,http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/03/local/la-me-birthing-centers-20130104, 2016/07/08。
6.
Customs and Border Protection(2013)。Visit the US while pregnant and the risks involved,https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/882/~/visit-the-u.s.-while-pregnant-and-the-risks-involved, 2015/08/03。
7.
Davies, K.,Boyle, L.(20130314)。"Maternity hotel" for Chinese women to give birth to US citizens "is found in the back of California hotel",http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2293025/Maternity-hotel-allowing-Chinese-women-birth-U-S-citizens-claimed-operating-popular-Califomia-motel.html, 2016/07/08。
8.
Johanso, M.(20130130)。Birth tourism: LA's "maternity hotels" enrage residents, but are they illegal?,http://www.ibtimes.com/birth-tourism-las-maternity-hotels-enrage-residents-are-they-illegal-1050206, 2016/07/08。
9.
Medin, J.(20110328)。Arriving as pregnant tourists, leaving with American babies,http://www.nytimes.com/201l/03/29/us/29babies.html?_r=0, 2016/07/08。
10.
Not in Chino Hills(2016)。Sample letter to senators,http://www.notinchinohills.org/sample_letter_to_senators, 2016/07/08。
11.
United Nations(2009)。Report of the committee on the elimination of discrimination against women。
圖書論文
1.
Chee, M. W. L.(2003)。Migrating for the children: Taiwanese American women in transnational families。Wife or worker? Asian women and migration。Lanham:Rowman and Littlefield。
2.
Collins, H. P.(2004)。Producing mothers of the nation: Race, class and contemporary U.S. population politics。Women, citizenship, and difference。New York:Zed Books。
3.
Sparke, M.(2004)。Passports into credit cards: On the borders and spaces of neoliberal citizenship。Boundaries and belonging。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
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