Improper cleaning and maintenance will cause surgical instruments and devices damage, and harm the patient safety. We surveyed the causes in February 2014 and found that the causes included improper handling of instruments and accessories, use of improper detergent, incorrect cleaning process, unfamiliarity with manual cleaning principle and process, lack of knowledge of maintaining the instruments, lack of education program, irregular maintenance of instruments, lack of standardized quality monitoring, lack of tools for examining the instruments, and lack of instruction for use of detergent. Severe steps were taken to improve the process, including holding in-service training programs, creating instruction manual for detergent use, creating flow chart for cleaning machine process, providing table lamps with magnifying power for examination, setting up an inter-department inspection system and standardized quality monitoring system. After implementation of these steps, the defective rate of surgical instruments decreased from 42.1% to 0%, accuracy of implementation increased from 73.3% to 98.7%, and recognition rate increased from 75.4% to 100%. We concluded that multidisciplinary collaboration could effectively decrease the defective rate of surgical instruments, promote surgical quality, and ensure patient safety.