This paper seeks to analyze the factors that contributed to East Timorese independence. While the independence movements domestic and abroad contributed to independence, the support of other nations was crucial. In the Cold War era, western nations such as the United States and Australia ignored the repression and atrocities conducted by the Indonesian government, putting geopolitical and economic interests ahead of human rights concerns. However, in the late 1990s, Australian Prime Minister John Howard, despite oppositions from his own party, openly supported East Timorese independence movement. Howard also succeeded in obtaining the support of the United States. Meanwhile, President Habibie of Indonesia opted for a referendum on East Timorese independence despite oppositions from Indonesian military. Habibie's decision was based on the recognition that the stability of Jakarta's elites, as well as the survival of the country throughout Asian financial crisis, depended heavily on the support of world community. The presence of these international factors resulted in the independence of East Timor.