本文為橫斷面研究之研究設計，目的是透過次級資料分析探討臺灣高中青少年的健康體適能各項指標與學業成績的關聯性。本研究所分析之健康體適能資料係來自2008年教育部體育署「國民體適能資料庫」，該資料蒐集臺灣高中一～三年級學生369,677人。體適能檢測項目包括：肌力及肌耐力（屈膝仰臥起坐）、瞬發力（立定跳遠）、柔軟度（坐姿體前彎）、心肺耐力（800／1,600公尺跑走）。學業成績資料來源則是國中基本學力測驗成績百分等級。分析結果顯示：來自高中名校（入學測驗錄取成績較高）的男性學生，相較其他學校男性學生在屈膝仰臥起坐、立定跳遠、坐姿體前彎、800／1,600公尺跑走表現較佳。此外，女性學生來自名校，亦在上述健康體適能四項指標亦發現與男性學生有類似結果。本研究結論證實臺灣高中學生學業成績排名水準較高者，其健康體適能表現較佳，青少年學業成績與健康體適能二者之間具有具正向關聯性。

Research on relationships between health-related physical fitness and academic achievement in school youth has been scant and inconsistent. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between health-related physical fitness and academic achievement performance among adolescents in Taiwan. Data were drawn from a national survey conducted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education measuring physical fitness among senior high school students (369,677 total) in grades ten through twelve in 2008. All students underwent examinations of physical fitness, measured as follows: muscle strength and endurance (bent-leg sit-ups), explosive power (standing long jump), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and cardiorespiratory endurance (800- or 1,600-m run). This study takes the percentile rank value of the Basic Academic Competence Test for senior high schools' entrance as the measure of academic performance. The male students from famous schools showed higher physical fitness performance in bent-leg sit-ups, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, and 800- or 1,600-m run than those from other schools. In addition, the females from famous schools showed higher physical fitness performance in four measurements than those from other schools. These results suggest that students from elite schools achieve better performance on physical fitness, contrary to the stereotype that excellent students tend to exhibit weaker performance on physical fitness. Moreover, there is a positive relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among high school students in Taiwan.