「形」是《孫子兵法》中一個很重要的概念，全書有七個篇章
提到形字，其中有兩篇還是直接以形為名。這反映出孫子的「形」
概念不是單一篇章可以涵蓋，而是需要串連許多章節方能清楚論
述的。本研究先從微觀角度，由「形」的字義入手，探討《孫子兵
法》各處出現的形字，歸納其字義規律。再由宏觀視野，將全書統
合思考，細究背後的思想邏輯。研究發現，《孫子兵法》的形字雖
然含義眾多，分散於不同篇章，可是都能前後呼應，在思想上仍構
成整體。不僅如此，彼此間甚至還有遞進關係。孫子轉化了一般的
形體表象，使之成為抽象的概念。又超越了傳統地形的觀念，將其
與抽象的形概念結合。在這循環反覆的過程中，建構出其融合的
「形」概念思想。

“Xing” is a very important concept in Sun Tzu’s“The Art of war”.
This word is mentioned in seven chapters throughout his book. There are
even two chapters that directly use this word for the title. This
phenomenon reflects that Sun Tzu's concept of "Xing" cannot be covered
by a single chapter but runs through many chapters. This study starts with
a microscopic perspective, knowing the literal meaning of “Xing,” and
counting this character that appears everywhere as well as summarizing
inside rules. Then from a macro perspective, integrate the concept of
Xing in the whole book, and carefully study the ideological logic behind
it. The results show, although the Xing in Sun Tzu's “The Art of War”
have many meanings and is scattered in different chapters, they echo each
other and still form a whole in thought. Not only that, but there is also
even a progressive relationship between them. Sun Tzu has transformed
the general concept of form and made it abstract. Then going beyond the
topography, combining it with the concept of Xing. In the process of
cycle and iteration, a complete set of "Xing" conceptual ideological
system was constructed.