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題名:青少年的自尊以及相關變相的研究
書刊名:教育與心理研究
作者:翁淑緣
出版日期:1985
卷期:8
頁次:頁79-113
主題關鍵詞:自尊青少年
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(12) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:12
  • 共同引用共同引用:101
  • 點閱點閱:78
期刊論文
1.Feather, N. T.(1962)。The study of persistence。Psychological Bulletin,59,94-115。  new window
2.劉錦志、陳明終(19800100)。市區和郊區國小學生學業成就與心理特質關係之分析研究。測驗年刊,27,23-31。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Valecha, G. K.、Ostrom, T. M.(1974)。An abbreviated measure of internal-external locus of control。Journal of Personality Assessment,38(4),369-376。  new window
4.Coopersmith, S.(1959)。A method for determining types of self-esteem。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,59,87-94。  new window
5.Hermans, H. J. M.(1970)。A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation。Journal of Applied Psychology,54(4),353-363。  new window
6.Byrne, D.(1961)。The Repression-Sensitization Scale: Rationale, Reliability, and Validity。Journal of Personality,29,334-349。  new window
7.Rotter, J. B.(1966)。Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement。Psychological Monographs: General and Applied,80(1)=609,1-28。  new window
8.Martens, R.(1971)。Anxiety and motor behavior: A review。Journal of Motor Behavior,3,151-179。  new window
9.蘇建文(19800600)。兒童及青少年焦慮情緒之發展及其相關因素之研究。教育心理學報,13,85-94。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Shrauger, J. S.、Sorman, P. B.(1977)。Self-evaluations, initial success and failure, and improvement as determinants of persistence。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,45(5),784-795。  new window
11.Taylor, Janet A.(1953)。A personality scale of manifest anxiety。The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,48(2),285-290。  new window
12.Block, J.、Thomas, H.(1955)。Is satisfaction with self a measure of adjustment?。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,51(2),254-259。  new window
13.林邦傑(19710500)。國民中學學生學業成就與人格特質關係之研究。國立政治大學學報,23,215-246。  延伸查詢new window
14.Reckless, Walter C.、Dinitz, Simon(1967)。Pioneering with self-concept as a vulnerability factor in delinquency。Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science,58,515-523。  new window
15.Hersch, P. D.、Scheibe, K. E.(1967)。Reliability and validity of internal-external control as a personality dimension。Journal of Consulting Psychology,31(6),609-613。  new window
16.Silbert, E.、Tippett, J. S.(1965)。Self-esteem: Clinical assessment and measurement validation。Psychological Reports,16,1017-1071。  new window
17.Cattell, R. B.、Scheier, I. H.(1958)。The nature of anxiety: A review of 13 multivariate analyses comparing 814 variables。Psychological Reports, Monograph Supplement,5,351-388。  new window
18.Kestenbaum, J. M.、Weiner, B.(1970)。Achievement performance related to achievement motivation and test anxiety。The Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,34,343-344。  new window
19.O'Neil, J. F.、Spielberger, C. D.、Hansen, D. N.(1969)。The effects of state anxiety and task difficulty on computer-assisted learning。Journal of Educational Psychology,60,343-350。  new window
20.Rappaport, H.、Katkin, E. S.(1972)。Relationships among manifest anxiety, response to stress, and the perception of autonomic activity。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,38,219-224。  new window
21.Fitch, G.(1970)。Effects of self-esteem, perceived performance, and choice on causal attributions。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,16,311-315。  new window
22.Nowicki, S.、Strickland, B. R.(1973)。A locus of control scale for children。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,40,148-154。  new window
23.McFarlin, D. B.、Baumeister, R. F.、Blascovich. J.(1984)。On knowing when to quit: Task failure, self-esteem, advice, and nonproductive persistence。Journal of Personality,52(2),138-155。  new window
24.呂勝瑛(19820600)。資優兒童的心理特質之研究。教育與心理研究,5,225-250。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.Penk, W. E.(1969)。Age changes and correlates of internal-external locus of control scale。Psychological Reports,25,856。  new window
26.Watson, D.(1967)。Relationship between locus of control and anxiety。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,6(1),91-92。  new window
27.McCarthy, J. D.、Hoge, D. R.(1982)。Analysis of age effects in longitudinal studies of adolescent self-esteem。Developmental Psychology,18(3),372-379。  new window
28.楊國樞、柯永河、李本華(1973)。國中學生的心理特質與學業成就。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,35,41-86。  延伸查詢new window
29.Meadow, K. P.(1969)。Self-image, family climate, and deafness。Social Forces,47,428-438。  new window
30.Jaquish, G. A.、Savin-Williams, R. C.(1981)。Biological and ecological factors in the expression of adolescent self-esteem。Journal of Youth and Adolescence,10(6),473-485。  new window
31.Weiner, B.、Kukla, A.(1970)。An attributional analysis of achievement motivation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,15,1-20。  new window
32.Rotter, J. B.(1971)。External control and internal control。Psychology Today,5,37-59。  new window
33.陳李綢(19800600)。教師喜愛學生程度與學生社交地位、成就動機及內外控信念之關係。教育心理學報,13,187-194。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.Ryckman, R. M.、Sherman, M. F.(1973)。Relationship between self-esteem and internal-external control for men and women。Psychological Report,32,1106。  new window
35.Orlofsky, J. L.(1978)。Identity formation, achievement, and fear of success in college men and women。Journal of Youth and Adolescence,7(1),49-62。  new window
36.Gough, H. G.(1953)。What determines the academic achievement of high school students?。Journal of Educational Research,46,321-331。  new window
37.Turney, A. H.(1931)。Intelligence, motivation, and achievement。Journal of Educational Psychology,22,426-434。  new window
38.郭生玉(19730600)。國中低成就學生心理特質之分析研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,15,左451-534。  延伸查詢new window
39.Achenbach, T.、Zigler, E.(1963)。Social competence and self-image disparity in psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,67,197-205。  new window
40.Baldo, R.、Harris, M.、Crandall, J.(1975)。Relations among Psychosocial development, locus of control and time orientation。Journal of Genetic Psychology,126,297-303。  new window
41.Baumeister, R. F.、Jones, E. E.(1978)。When self-presentation is constrained by the target's prior knowledge: consistency and compensation。Journal at Personality and Social Psychology,36,608-618。  new window
42.Byrne, D.、Barry, J.、Nelson, D.(1963)。Relation of the repression-sensitization scale to measures of self-description。Psychological Reports,13,323-334。  new window
43.Boshier, R.(1969)。A study of the relationship between self-concept and conservatism。Journal of Social Psychology,77,139-140。  new window
44.Chandler, T. A.、Dugovics, D. A.(1977)。Sex differences in research on locus of control。Psychological Reports,41,47-53。  new window
45.Chapman, I.(1966)。Role and self-concept assessments of delinquents and non-delinquents。Sociological Quarterly,7,373-379。  new window
46.Chodorkoff, B.(1954)。Adjustment and the discrepancy between the perceived and ideal self。Journal of Clinical Psychology,10,258-266。  new window
47.Cole, C.、Oetting, E. R.、Hinkle, J.(1967)。Non-linearity of self-concept discrepancy: the value dimension。Psychological Reports,21,58-60。  new window
48.Combs, A.、Soper, D.、Courson, C.(1963)。The measurement of self-esteem and self report。Educational and Psychological Measurement,23,493-500。  new window
49.Coombs, R.(1969)。Social participation, self-concept and interpersonal valuation。Sociometry,32,273-286。  new window
50.Cooper, J.、Duncan, B. L.(1971)。Cognitive dissonance as a function of self-esteem and logical inconsistency。Journal of Personality,39,289-302。  new window
51.Crowne, D. P.、Liverant, S.(1963)。Conformity under varying condition of personal commitment。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,66(6),547-555。  new window
52.Dittes, J.(1959)。Attractiveness of group as function of self-esteem and acceptance by group。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,59,77-82。  new window
53.Drummond, R. J.、Mcintire, W. G.、Ryan, C. W.(1977)。Stability and sex differences of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory for students in grades two to twelve。Psychological Reports,40,943-946。  new window
54.Dworkin, A.(1964)。Stereotypes and self-images held by native-born and foreign-born Mexican Americans。Sociology and Social Research,49,214-224。  new window
55.Faucheux, C.、Moscovici, S.(1968)。Self-esteem and exploitative behavior in a game against chance and nature。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,8,83-88。  new window
56.Felice, L.(1973)。Mexican American self-concept and educational achievement: The effects of ethnic isolation and socioeconomic deprivation。Social Science Quarterly,53,716-726。  new window
57.Finch, A. J.、Nelson, W.(1974)。Locus of control and anxiety in emotionally disturbed children。Psychological Reports,35,469-470。  new window
58.Fish, B.、Karabenick, S.(1971)。Relationship between self-esteem and locus of control。Psychological Reports,29,784。  new window
59.Gergen, K.、Bauer, R.(1967)。Interactive effects of self-esteem and task difficulty on social conformity。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,6,16-22。  new window
60.Graf, R.、Hearne, L.(1970)。Behavior in a mixed motive game as a function of induced self-esteem。Perceptual and Motor Skills,31,511-517。  new window
61.Greenberg, H.(1963)。Order of birth as a determinant of personality and attitudinal characteristics。Journal of Social Psychology,60,221-230。  new window
62.Harder, D. W.(1984)。Character style of the defensively high self-esteem man。Journal of Clinical Psychology,40(1),26-34。  new window
63.Heiss, J.、Owens, S.(1972)。Self-evaluations of blacks and whites。American Journal of Sociology,78,360-370。  new window
64.Helmreich, R. L.、Spence, J. T.(1978)。Work and family orientation questionnaire: an objective instrument to assess components d achievement motivation and attitudes toward family and career。Journal of Supplement Abstracts Service,8(2),35。  new window
65.Hountras, P. T.、Scharf, M. C.(1970)。Manifest anxiety and locus of control of low-achieving college males。Journal of Psychology,74,95-100。  new window
66.Katz, P.、Zigler, E.(1967)。Self-image disparity: a developmental approach。Journal of personality and social psychology,5,186-195。  new window
67.Luckey, E.(1961)。Perceptual congruence of self and family concepts as related to marital interaction。Sociometry,24,234-250。  new window
68.Lowell, E. L.(1952)。The effect of need for achievement on learning and speed of performance?。Journal of Psychology,33(1),31-40。  new window
69.Mackie, M.(1983)。The domestication of self: Gender comparisons of self-imagery and self-esteem。Social Psychology Quarterly,46(4),343-350。  new window
70.Martire, J.(1956)。Relationships between the self-concept and differences in the strength and generality of achievement motivation。Journal of Personality,24,364-375。  new window
71.McFarlin, D. B.、Blascovich, J.(1981)。Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback of future affective preferences and cognitive expectations。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,40,521-531。  new window
72.McGinnies, E.、Nordholm, L. A.、Ward, C. D.、Bhanthumnavin, D. L.(1979)。Sex and cultural differences in perceived locus of control among students in five countries。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,42(3),451-455。  new window
73.McMillen, D. L.、Reynolds, J.(1969)。Self-esteem and the effectiveness of reconciliation techniques following an argument。Psychonomic Science,17,208-209。  new window
74.Miller, I. W.(1979)。Learned Helplessness in humans: a review and attribution-theory model。Psychological Bulletin,86,93-118。  new window
75.Morgan, H. H.(1952)。A psychometric comparison of achieving and non-achieving college students of high ability。Journal of Consulting Psychology,16(4),292-298。  new window
76.O'Malley, P. M.、Backman, J. G.(1979)。Self-esteem and education: sex and chort comparisons among high school seniors。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(7),1153-1159。  new window
77.Osborne, W. L.、Legette, H. R.(1982)。Sex, race, grade level, and social class differences in self-concept。Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance,14(4),195-201。  new window
78.Parsons, O. A.、Schneider, J. M.(1974)。Locus of control in university students from eastern and western societies。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,42(3),456-461。  new window
79.Pepitone, A.、Faucheux, C.、Cesa-Bianchi, M.、Iacono, G.、Asprea, A.、Moscovici, S.、Magistretti, G.、Villone, G.(1967)。The role of self-esteem in competitive choice behavior。International Journal of Psychology,2,147-159。  new window
80.Perez, R. C.(1973)。The effect of experimentally Induced failure, self-esteem, and sex on cognitive differ entiation。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,81,74-79。  new window
81.Platt, J.、Eisenman, R.、Darbes, M.(1970)。Self-esteem and internal-external control: a validation study。Psychological Reports,26,162。  new window
82.Prawat, R. S.(1976)。Mapping the affective domain in young adolescents。Journal of Educational Psychology,68(5),566-572。  new window
83.Prawat, R. S.、Jones, H.、Hampton, J.(1979)。Longitudinal study of attitude development in pre-, early, and later adolescent samples。J. of Edu'l Psychology,71(3),363-369。  new window
84.Ray, W. J.、Katahn, M.(1968)。Relation of anxiety to locus of control。Psychological Reports,23。  new window
85.Sohalon, C. L.(1968)。Effect cf self-esteem upon performance following failure stress。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,32,497。  new window
86.Seligman, M. E. P.(1978)。Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,87,49-74。  new window
87.Shriberg, L. D.(1974)。Descriptive statistics for two children's social desirability scales, general and test anxiety, and locus of control in elementary school children。Psychological Reports,34,863-870。  new window
88.Shrauger, J. S.、Rosenberg, S. E.(1970)。Self-esteem and the effects of success and failure feedback on performance。Journal of Personality,38,404-417。  new window
89.Silverman, I.(1964)。Self-esteem and differential responsiveness to success and failure。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,69,115-119。  new window
90.Thorbecke, W.、Grotevant, H. D.(1982)。Gender differences in adolescent interpersonal identity formation。Journal or Youth and Adolescence,11(6),479-492。  new window
91.Urberg, K. A.、Labouvie-Vief, G.(1976)。Conceptualizations of sex roles: a life span development study。Developmental Psychology,12(1),15-23。  new window
92.Weiss, H.、Sherman, J.(1973)。Internal-external control as a predictor of task effort and satisfaction subsequent to failure。Journal of Applied Psychology,57,132-136。  new window
93.Weissman, H.、Ritter, K.(1970)。Openness to experience, ego strength and self-description as a function of repression and sensitization。Psychological Reports,26,859-864。  new window
94.Wienrich, A. M.、Wells, P. A.、McManus, C.(1982)。Handedness, anxiety and sex differences。British Journal of Psychology,73,69-72。  new window
95.Worchel, P.、McCormick, B.(1963)。Self-concept and dissonance reduction。Journal of Personality,31,588-594。  new window
96.Zuber, I.(1983)。Feature of Self-esteem perceptual vigilance to person's image held by other people。(Polh) Studia Psychologiczne,22(1),27-46。  new window
97.張煌熙(19750600)。國中編班方式與學生學習動機之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,17,左195-296。  延伸查詢new window
98.楊淑珍(19800500)。父母管教態度、社會焦慮及學業成就。輔導學報,3,179-191。new window  延伸查詢new window
99.莊耀嘉、黃光國(19811200)。國中學生的成敗歸因與無助感特徵。中華心理學刊,23(2),155-164。new window  延伸查詢new window
100.O'Malley, P. M.、Bachman, J. G.(1983)。Self-esteem change and stability between age 13 and 23。Developmental Psychology,19(2),257-268。  new window
101.Ziller, R. C.(1969)。The Alienation Syndrome: A Triadic Pattern of Self-other Orientation。Sociometry,32(3),287-300。  new window
102.Aronson, E.、Mettee, D.(1968)。Dishonest Behavior as A Function of Differential Levels of Induced Self-esteem。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,9,121-127。  new window
103.Ziller, R.、Hagey, J.、Smith, M.、Long, B.(1969)。Self-esteem: A self-social construct。Journal of Consulting and Psychology,33(1),84-95。  new window
會議論文
1.Leonard, R.(1973)。Self-concept as a factor in the similarity-attraction paradigm。The 81st American Psychological Association Convention,199-200。  new window
2.Rosenberg, M.(1976)。Beyond self-esteem: some neglected aspects of the self-concept。The annual meeting of the American Sociological Association,(會議日期: 1976, September 3)。New York City。  new window
學位論文
1.陳秀珍(1980)。焦慮、內外控及挫折對於注意力作業的個別及交互影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.張冀華(1981)。大學男女生的成就動機、女性化傾向、職業選擇及歸因特質(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.鄭慧玲(1976)。國中學生對學業成就的歸因與成就動機及學業成就的關係(碩士論文)。國立台灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳子輝(1975)。內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀成績的影響(碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.洪光遠(1977)。國中學生歸因變項的研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.單小琳(1979)。教師成就動機與學生評定老師、學生學業成就的關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.謝清芬(1978)。學業成就及能力分班的相關因素:性向、注意力、衝動性及歸因變項(碩士論文)。國立台灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
8.謝季宏(1973)。智力、學習習慣、成就動機及家長社會地位與國中學生學業成就之關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
9.曾一泓(1976)。國中學生的控制信念與父母的控制信念及教養方式之關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
10.葉國安(1978)。我國師專生家庭社經地位、成就動機、抱負水準與學業成就之關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
11.林清財(1984)。青少年自我統整與心理特質關係之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Argyle, M.(1967)。Psychological and Interpersonal Behavior。London:Pelican Co.。  new window
2.Cattell, R. B.、Scheier, I. H.(1961)。The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety。Ronald Press。  new window
3.Davision, G. C.、Neale, J. M.(1974)。Abnormal psychology: An experimental clinical approach。John Wiley & Sons。  new window
4.Wylie, R. C.(1961)。The self-concept。Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press。  new window
5.Wells, L. E.、Marwell, G.(1976)。Self Esteem Its conceptualization and measurement。Beverly Hills, CA:Sage Publication。  new window
6.張春興、楊國樞(1971)。心理學。臺北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.McClelland, David C.(1961)。The Achieving Society。Princeton:Van Nostrand。  new window
8.Dollard, J.、Miller, N. E.(1950)。Personality and Psychotherapy。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
9.Freud, S.(1936)。The problem of anxiety。New York, NY:W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
10.李本華、楊國樞(1982)。青少年心理測驗手冊。中國青年反共救國團青少年輔導中心「張老師」。  延伸查詢new window
11.Fitts, W.(1972)。The self-concept and performance。Nashville, Tenn.:Counselor Recordings and Tests。  new window
12.Rosenberg, M.(1972)。Society and the adolescent self-image。Princeton University Press。  new window
13.Ausubel, D. P.(1968)。Educational Psychology。New York:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston。  new window
14.Coopersmith, S.(1967)。The Antecedents of Self-Esteem。San Francisco:W. H. Freeman and Co.。  new window
15.Seligman, M. E. P.(1975)。Helplessness: on depression, development, and death。San Francisco:W. H. Freeman。  new window
16.Murray, H. A.(1938)。Explorations in Personality。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
17.Dahlstrom, W. G.、Welsh, G. S.(1960)。An MMPI handbook。The university of Minnesota Press。  new window
18.Atkinson, J. W.、Feather, N. T.(1966)。A theory of achievement motivation。John Wiley and Sons。  new window
19.張春興(1976)。心理學。東華書局。  延伸查詢new window
20.熊祥林(1979)。心理學導論。  延伸查詢new window
21.Bachman, J. G.、Johnston, L. D.(1978)。The Monitoring the Future Project: Design and Procedures。Ann Arbor, Mich.:Institute for Social Research。  new window
22.Bee, H.(1983)。The Developing Child。  new window
23.Fitts, W.(1972)。The Self-Concept and Psychopathology。Nashville, Tenn.:Counselor Recordings and Tests。  new window
24.Fitts, W.(1972)。The Self-Concept and Behavior: Overview and Supplement。Nashville, Tenn.:Counselor Recordings and Tests。  new window
25.Frandson, A. N.(1961)。Educational Psychology。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
26.Johnson, D. W.(1979)。Educational Psychology。Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall。  new window
27.Kardiner, A.、Ovesy, L.(1951)。The Mark of Oppression。New York:World。  new window
28.Maccoby, E. E.、Jacklin, C. N.(1975)。The Psychology of Sex Differences。London:Oxford University Press。  new window
29.Rotter, J. B.(1964)。Social Learning and Clinical Psychology。New York:Prentice-Hall。  new window
30.Symonds, P. M.(1951)。The Ego and The Self。New York:Appleton-Century-Crofts。  new window
31.Atkinson, John William(1964)。An Introduction to Motivation。Van Nostrand。  new window
32.McClelland, D. C.、Atkinson, J. W.、Clark, R. A.、Lowell, E. L.(1953)。The Achievement motive。Appleton-Century-Crofts。  new window
33.Rosenberg, Morris(1965)。Society and the Adolescent Self-image。Princeton University Press。  new window
其他
1.邱連煌(19810401)。談自尊心與父母的職責,中央日報。  延伸查詢new window
2.邱連煌(19810402)。談自尊心與父母的職責。  延伸查詢new window
3.邱連煌(19810403)。談自尊心與父母的職責。  延伸查詢new window
4.邱連煌(19810404)。談自尊心與父母的職責。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Cohen, A.(1959)。Some implications of self-esteem for social influence。Personality And Persuasibility。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
2.Ickes, W. J.、Layden, M. A.(1978)。Attributional Styles。New directions in attribution research。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.林碧峰、楊國樞(1973)。中國學童焦慮量表之修訂。中國兒童行為的發展。台北市:環宇出版社。  延伸查詢new window
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6.Linton, H.、Graham, E.(1959)。Personality correlates of Persuasibility。Personality and Persuasibility。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
7.Rogers, C.(1950)。The significance of the self-regarding attitudes and perceptions。Feeling and Emotion: The Mooseheart Symposium。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
8.Rogers, C.(1959)。A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal framework。Psychology: A Study of a Science。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
9.Simpson, M. E.(1981)。Society Support and Education。Handbook on Stress and Anxiety。San Francisco:Jossey-bass。  new window
10.Spielberger, C. D.(1975)。Anxiety as an emotional state。Stress and Anxiety。New York:Academic Press。  new window
11.Janoff-Bulman, R.、Brickman, P.(1982)。Expectations and what people learn from failure。Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-Value Models in Psychology。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。  new window
12.Spielberger, C. D.(1966)。The effects of anxiety on complex learning and academic achievement。Anxiety and Behavior。New York:Academic Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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