This paper, using institutional approach, describes the organizations for Science & Technology (S&T) of Developed Countries such as United States and Japan, Developing Countries such as the Republic of Korea (R.O.K.) and the Republic of China (R.O.C.), then with adopting two dimensions of organization structure-centralization and complexity to measure the organization structure of the four countries, and compares their differences. Finally, it proposes some suggestions to S&T organization of our country, then the implications and limitation of the study are also discussed.