本文證明在總體經濟無構下，傳統的關稅與配額對等性依然成立。當對等性以國民所得為準時，依照進口需求的價格彈性及出口額大小，關稅及配額的不對等性存在。我們將政策製訂者的風險態度考處於模型內發現：對於趨避風險的政策製訂者而言，當進口品的價格彈性小時，他會較偏好關稅；當進口品的價格彈性大時，他會較偏好配額。至於愛好風險的政策製訂者，我們獲得相反的結果。

This paper shows that the conventional equivalence between tariffs and quotas could be reserved under macroeconomic framework. We extend the equivalence in terms of national incomes and demonstrate that depending on the price elasticity of import demand and the size of export volumes, non-equivalence of tariffs and quotas ensues. We further take into account the risk attitude of the policy makers within the model and find that a risk-averse policy maker would prefer tariffs to mean-equivalent quota for the price-inelastic imported goods, while quota is preferred to tariffs for the price elastic imports. For the risk-loving policy makers, we obtain the opposite results.