本研究旨在分析台灣地區學齡人口成長與國民教育發展關係，發現由於台灣地區國民教育學齡人口增加過於迅速，增加了教育需求，但因各種因素限制下，學校擴流無法滿足人民對教育量與質的需求，影響國民教育品質甚鉅，至今國民教育仍存有學校規模過大，每班學生人數過多，師生比例過高，及二部制教學等問題。展望未來國民教育學齡人口減少趨勢，本研究建議學區重劃與建設新校手段平衡學生人數，降低每班學生人數標準，以提升教學品質。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the growth rate of school age (age 6 - 15) population and the development of the compulsory education system in Taiwan. The author discovered that, with the rapid increase of school age population, there has been a pressing demand to expand the current service. Due to a number of constraints, the speed of expansion cannot meet the quality and quantity of education required by the general public. Problems such as over-populated schools, over-crowded classrooms, high teacher-student ratio and the divisionalization in order to accommodate more students are obstacles needed to be overcome. In view that there may be a slow­down in the growth rate of school age population in the future, the author suggested that restructuring of the school districts and establishing new schools can be used as means to balance the number of students per school and reduce the number of students per class to improve the quality of teaching.