四年一度的總統選舉，一直是研究美國政治之一大焦點。舉凡其選舉方式，競 選策略，現行選舉制度所衍生之異像及選舉團(Electoral College)，贏家全盤拿 (Winner-take-all)等法則之運用，更是美國政治上爭論不休的課題。 本文旨在分析人口遷徒之趨向，國會選區重新劃分(Congressional District Reapportionment)如何影響候選人之競選策略，政治重心之轉移等問題。傳統上 候選人經營北方人口密集工業州以取勝的策略，已因一九七○年代能源危機後，人 口大量南移而失其效用。全文側重於分析國會選區重新分配(Reapportionment) 在選舉總統上所造成之衝擊，而不涵蓋糾正選舉弊端之探討。在此日新月異變動的 世界裡，現行之選舉制度是否適合時宜，實有商榷之餘地。

　　　　　Th method of electing the president of the United States has been one of the major concerns to the students of American politics. The continuing debates have been centering on the topics of election methods, campaing strategies and some obvious shortcomings resulting from the current election system. This article will focus on the analyses of trends iin American political demography and congressional reapportionment. How do they shift the center of gravity in American can presidential politics and its implicationsin campaign strategies. As a result of energy crises suffered in the decade of 1970, presidential candidates have been focusing their campaign efforts in the Southern states. The tradition of winning northern industrial states in presidential election has been proven ineffective. While the impact of congressional reapportionment will be analyzed thoroughly, this article will not attempt to offer any remedies in the current election system.