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題名：國中班級社會比較之研究
書刊名：輔導學報
作者：黃德祥 引用關係
出版日期：1992
卷期：15
頁次：頁17-41
主題關鍵詞：社會；班級；國中
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:17
社會比較理論強調社會比較是人的基本驅力，人終其一生不斷地在進行社會比較，相似的他人最容易被當作社會比較的對象，近年來成就情境中的社會比較現象頗受關注，國內國中階段學生升學壓力大、競爭激烈，社會比較的作用可能更大，因此，本研究乃以國中班級教學過程中的社會比較訊息及其對學生的自我評估、社會地位與評估他人成就的影響為探討重點。 本研究以觀察法實地記錄國中班級教學過程中的社會比較訊息頻率，並分析其來源與性質，再由受試學生自評成就與評估他人成就，且作社會計量提名。受試班級係國中一年級二個班級，共有學生80人(男生38人，女生42人)。所得資料經分析後，共有下列主要發現： 一、來自教師的正向社會比較訊息和受試學生期末各科成就T分數及智育成績T分數有顯著相關。 二、受試學生所接受來自教師的社會比較訊息總和，以及來自教師與來自同學的社會比較訊息總和，和受試學生的社會地位指數有顯著相關。 三、受試學生期末不同等級的自我成就評估中，共有五個科目，因等級不同而有不同的社會比較訊息，一般而言，自評成就較高者，獲得較多社會比較訊息。 四、受試學生學期初與學期末的各科自我評估人數分佈均有顯著差異。 五、受試學生於學期初與學期末評估他人屬最佳成就，以「知道」和「不知道」作區分，人數均有顯著不同，評估他人屬最差成就，除二個科目外，人數亦有顯著差異。 本研究並根據研究結果作分析與討論。
The social comparison theory proposed that human organism had a drive to evaluate his own abilities and opinions by way of social comparison. Social comparison proceeded in the life span. Similar others were especially to be the objects of social comparison. Recently, social comparison phenomenon in achievement setting were concerned by researchers. Therefore, the study explored the impact of social comparison information, which was pervasive in the competitive situation, on self-evaluation, social status, evaluation of others, and performance in the classroom of a junior-high school in Taipei. Totally, 80 students belonging to two classrooms were observed in the study. The social comparison information in the classroom were analyzed by their resource sandtypes. The data of subjects' self-evaluation, social nomination and evaluation of others were obtained by a questionnair. Moreover, the achievement in different subjects of students were got from school administration. The study had some main findings as mentioned in the following: 1. There were significant correlation between social comparison information which came from teachers and performance in all subjects. 2. Total social comparison information received by students had correlation with their index of social status significantly. 3. Different self-evaluation in the performance of students showed that they received different social comparison information. 4. There were different self-evaluation in the begining and in the final of semester. 5. Knowing others' best and worst performance were also found differences existing in the evaluation between the begining and the final of semester.
期刊論文
1.Marshall, H. H.、Weinstein, R. S.(1984)。Classroom factors affecting students' self-evaluations: An interactional model。Review of Educational Research，54(3)，301-325。  new window
2.Masters, J. C.(1971)。Social comparison by young children。Young children，27，37-60。  new window
3.Jagacinski, C. M.、Nicholls, J.(1987)。Competence and affect in task involvement and ego involvement: The impact of social comparison information。Journal of Educational Psychology，79，107-114。  new window
4.Wills, Thomas A.(1981)。Downward Comparison Principles in Social Psychology。Psychological Bulletin，90(2)，245-271。  new window
5.Rholes, W. S.、Ruble, D. N.(1984)。Children's understanding of dispositional characteristics of others。Child Development，55，550-560。  new window
6.Ames, C.(1981)。Competitive versus cooperative reward structure: The influence of individual and group performance factors on achievement attributions and affect。American Educational Research Journal，18，173-187。  new window
7.Barenboim, C.(1981)。The development of person perception in childhood and adolescence: From behavioral comparisons to psychological constructs to psychological comparisons。Child Development，52，129-144。  new window
8.Blumenfeld, P. C.、Pintrich, P. R.、Meece, J.、Wessels, K.(1982)。The formation and role of self perceptions of ability in elementary classrooms。The Elementary School Journal，82，401-420。  new window
9.Crocker, J.、Thompson, L. L.、McGraaw, K. M.、Ingerman, C.(1987)。Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，5，907-916。  new window
10.Dakin, S.、Arrowood, A. J.(1981)。The social comparison of ability。Human Relations，34，89-109。  new window
11.Felson, R. B.、Reed, M. D.(1986)。Deference groups and self-appraisals of academic ability and performance。Social Psychology Quarter，49，103-109。  new window
12.France-Kaatrude, A.-C.、Smith, W. P.(1985)。Social comparison task motivation, and the development of self-evaluative standards in children。Developmental Psychology，21，1080-1089。  new window
13.Frey, K. S.、Ruble, D. N.(1985)。What children say when the teacher is not around: Conflicting goals in social comparison and performance assessment in the classroom。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，3，550-562。  new window
14.Gibbons, F. X.(1986)。Social comparison and depression: Company's effect on misery。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51，140-148。  new window
15.Gorenflo, D. W.、Crano, W. D.(1989)。Judgmental subjectivity/objectivity and locus of choice in social comparison。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，57，605-614。  new window
16.Gruder, G. L.、Korth, B.、Dichtel, M.(1975)。Uncertainty and social comparison。Journal of Research in Personality，9，85-95。  new window
17.Latane, B.、Eckman, J.、Joy, V.(1966)。Shared stress and interpersonal attribution。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，S1，80-94。  new window
18.Miller, R. L.(1977)。Perferences for social comparison as a means of self-evaluation。Journal of Personality，45，343-355。  new window
19.Montache, H. S.、Bragonier, P.(1981)。An observational study of social comparison in preschools。Child Development，52，376-378。  new window
20.Rosenholtz, S. J.、Simpson, C. C.(1985)。The formation of ability conceptions: Developmental trend or social construction?。Review of Educational Research，54，31-63。  new window
21.Wells, T. A.(1981)。Down ward comparison principles in social psychology。Psychology Bulletin，90，245-271。  new window
22.Stipek, D. J.、Tannatt, L. M.(1984)。Children's judgments of their own and their peers' academic competence。Journal of Educational Psychology，76，75-84。  new window
23.Strang, L.、Smith, M. D.、Rogers, C. M.(1978)。Social comparison, multiple reference groups, and the self-concepts of academically handicapped children before and after mainstreaming。Journal of Educational Psychology，70(4)，487-497。  new window
24.Wells, L. E.、Sweeney, P. D.(1986)。A test of three models bias in self-assessment。Social Psychology Quarterly，49，1-10。  new window
25.Stipek, D. J.(1981)。Children's Perceptions of their classment's ability。Journal of Educational Psychology，73，404-410。  new window
26.Stronhmer, D. C.、Biggs, D. A.、McIntrye, W. F.(1984)。Social comparison information and judgements about depression and seeking counseling。Journal of Counseling Psychology，31，591-594。  new window
27.Smith, W. P.(1984)。Judgemental goals in the social comparison of ability。Representative Research in Social Psychology，14，36-51。  new window
28.Santrock, J. W.、Smith, P. C.、Bourbeau, P. E.(1976)。Effects of social comparison on aggression and regression in groups of young children。Child Development，47，831-837。  new window
29.Santrock, J. W.、Ross, M.(1975)。Effects of social comparison on facilitative self-control in young children。Journal of Educational Psychology，67，193-197。  new window
30.Sanders, G. S.(1982)。The effects of social comparison on ability evaluations。European Journal of Social Psychology，12，63-74。  new window
31.Ruble, D. N.、Boggiano, A. K.、Feldman, N. S.、Loebl, J. H.(1980)。A Developmental analysis of social comparison in self-evaluation。Developmental Psychology，16，105-115。  new window
32.Festinger, Leon(1954)。A theory of social comparison processes。Human Relations，7(2)，117-140。  new window
會議論文
1.Pintrich, P. R.、Blumenfeld, P. C.(1982)。Teacher and student behavior in different activity structure。Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association。New York。  new window
圖書
1.Bossert, T.(1979)。Task and social relationships in classrooms: A study of classroom organization and its consequences。New York：Combridge University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Levine, J. M.(1983)。Social comparison and education。Teachers and student perceptions: Implications for learning。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
2.Ames, C.(1984)。Conceptions of motivation within competitive and noncompetitive goal structures。Self-related cognitions in anxiety and Motivation。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
3.Suls, J.、Mullen, B.(1982)。From the cradle to the grave: Comparison and self-evaluation across the life-span。Social psychological perspectives on the self。Hillsdale, N.J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
4.Suls, J.、Sanders, G.(1982)。Self-evaluation via social comparison. A developmental analysis。Review of personality & social psychology。Beverly Hills：Sage。  new window
5.Smith, W. P.、Davidson, E. S.、France, A.-C.(1987)。Social comparison and achievement evaluation in children。Social comparison social justice, and relative deprivation。Hillsdale, N. J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc。  new window
6.Seltzer, V. C.(1980)。Social comparison behaviors of adolescents。Children in cooperation and competition。Lexington, Ma：Lexington Books。  new window
7.Ruble, D. N.、Frey, K. S.(1987)。Social comparison and self evaluation in the classroom: Developmental changes in knowledge and function。Social comparison social justice, and relative deprivation。Hillsdale, N. J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc。  new window
8.Ruble, D. N.(1983)。The developmental of social comparison processess and their role in achievement-related self-socialization。Social cognition and social development: A sociocultural perspective。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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