This paper analyzes man's activity in two major categories: His paticipation in the maket and in the political process. The essence of the activitiesis claimed to be "exchange" in both categories. Since the individuals in amodern society assemble and allocate resources in the market and in the political process, they must conceptually agree to resource allocation by these two means. This implies that the individuals have a certain degree of homogeneity. The unique significance of the homogeneity issue in our society is explored, and the room for improvement suggested.