期刊論文| 1. | Hayner, Norman S.、Reynolds, Charles N.(1937)。Chinese Family Life in America。American Sociological Review，2，630-637。   |
| 2. | Culin, Steart(1890)。Chinese Secret Societies in the United States。Journal of American Folklore，3，39-43。 |
| 3. | Lin, Pyau D.(1912)。Causes of Chinese Emigration。The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences，1912(Jan.)，74-82。 |
| 4. | Giles, Herbert A.(1886)。The Family Name。Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, North China Branch，21，255-288。 |
| 5. | Freedman, Maurice(1960)。Immigrants and Association: Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Singapore。Comparative Studies in Society and History，3，25-48。 |
| 6. | Drayton, Richard Hay(1893)。The Chinese Six Companies。The California Illustrated Magazine，4，472-479。 |
| 7. | Ngon, Fong Kum(1894)。The Chinese Six Companies。Overland Monthly，23，524-525。 |
| 8. | Lyman, Stanford M.(1964)。Chinese Secret Societies in the Occident: Notes and Suggestions for Research in the Sociology of Secrecy。Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology，1，79-102。 |
| 9. | Lyman, Stanford M.、Willmott, William、Ho, Berching(1963)。Rules of a Chinese Secret Society in British Columbia。Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies，27，526-537。 |
| 10. | Loomis, A. W.(1868)。The Six Companies。Overland Monthly，1，221-227。 |
| 11. | Loomis, A. W.(1868)。The Old East in the New West。Overland Monthly，1，362-366。 |
| 12. | Wilmott, W. E.(1964)。Chinese Clan Associations in Vancouver。Man，64，33-37。 |
| 13. | William, Ingraham Kip(1855)。The Chinese in California。The Spirit of Missions，20，85-90。 |
| 14. | Rodecape, Lois(1944)。Celestial Drama in the Gold Hill: The Chinese Theatre in California, 1849-1869。California Society Quarterly，23(2-4)，97-116。 |
圖書| 1. | Saxton, Alexander(1971)。The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California。University of California Press。 |
| 2. | Freedman, Maurice(1958)。Lineage Organization in Southeastern China。London。 |
| 3. | Wong, Bernard P.(1988)。Patronage, Brokerage, Entrepreneurship and the Chinese Community of New York City。New York：AMS Press。 |
| 4. | United States Department of Commerce、United States Bureau of the Census(1872)。Ninth Census. Vol. 1. The Statistics of the Population of the United States。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。 |
| 5. | United States Bureau of Immigration(1924)。The Statistics of the Population of the United States。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。 |
| 6. | California State Senate(1878)。Its Special Committee on Chinese Immigration: Its Social, Moral and Political Effects。Sacramento。 |
| 7. | Chinese Chamber of Commerce(1953)。San Francisco's Chinatown: History, Function and Importance of Social Organization。San Francisco。 |
| 8. | Chinn, Thomas W.(1989)。Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco Chinatown and Its People。San Francisco：Chinese Historical Society of America。 |
| 9. | Chinn, Thomas W.(1969)。A History of the Chinese in California: A Syllabus。San Francisco：Chinese Historical Society of America。 |
| 10. | Borthwick, J. D.(1948)。Three Years in California。Oakland。 |
| 11. | Ho, Ping-ti(1966)。中國會館史論。Taipei。 延伸查詢 |
| 12. | Culin, Stewart(1972)。The Gambling Games of the Chinese in America: Fan-tan, the game of repeatedly spreading out; and pa'k ko'p pi'u or the game of white pigeon ticket。Gambler's Book Club。 |
| 13. | Culin, Stewart(1887)。China in America: A Study of the Social Life of the Chinese in Eastern Cities of the United States。Philadelphia。 |
| 14. | Coolidge, Mary R.(1909)。Chinese Immigration。New York：Henry Holt & Co.。 |
| 15. | Irwin, Will(1913)。Old Chinatown: A Book of Pictures。Mitchell Kennerley。 |
| 16. | Hoy, William(1942)。The Chinese Six Companies。San Francisco：Consolidated Benevolent Association。 |
| 17. | Hoy, Brett de Bary、Lai, Him Mark(1972)。Longtime Californ': A Documentary Study of an American Chinatown。Stanford, California：Stanford University Press。 |
| 18. | Ho, Ping-ti(1968)。Salient Aspects of China's Heritage。Chicago。 |
| 19. | (1890)。San Francisco, the Financial, Commercial and Industrial Metropolis of the Pacific Coast。Schnepp & Barnes。 |
| 20. | Liu, Pei-chi(1976)。A History of the Chinese in the United States of America。Taipei：Dawn Culture Co.。 |
| 21. | Leong, Gor Yun(1936)。Chinatown Inside Out。New York。 |
| 22. | Lee, Rose Hum(1962)。The Chinese in the United States。Hong Kong University Press。 |
| 23. | Sung, Betty Lee(1961)。Mountains of Gold: The Story of the Chinese in America。New York：Macmillan。 |
| 24. | Staunton, George Thomas(1810)。Ta Tsing Leu Lee: Being the Fundamental Laws, and a Selection from the Supplementary Statutes of the Penal Code of China。London。 |
| 25. | Speer, William(1856)。An Humble Plea, Addressed to the Legislature of California, in Behalf of the Immigrants from the Empire of China to This State。New York。 |
| 26. | Speer, William(1870)。The Oldest and Newest Empire: China and the United States。Connecticut：S. S. Scranton and Company。 |
| 27. | Weber, Max(1951)。The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism。Glencoe。 |
| 28. | Hunt, Michael H.(1983)。The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914。Columbia University Press。 |
其他| 1. | United States Bureau of Immigration(1976)。Congressional Record: Containing the Proceedings and Debates of Congress。 |
| 2. | (18500511)。Alta California。 |
| 3. | (18500308)。Alta California。 |
| 4. | (18531121)。Alta California。 |
| 5. | (18531005)。Alta California。 |
| 6. | (18510512)。Alta California。 |
| 7. | (18510427)。Alta California。 |
| 8. | (18500822)。Alta California。 |
| 9. | (18540822)。Daily Alta California。 |
| 10. | (18531121)。Gold Hill News。 |
| 11. | (18680504)。Gold Hill News。 |
| 12. | (18980109)。San Francisco Call。 |
| 13. | (18480401)。San Francisco Star。 |
| 14. | (1856)。Chinese Directory。 |