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題名：諮商員對當事人情感轉移的知覺與反應模式之分析研究
書刊名：輔導學報
作者：蕭文 引用關係
出版日期：1993
卷期：16
頁次：頁67-91
主題關鍵詞：反應；知覺；情感；當事人；模式；諮商員；轉移
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究的主要目的是要探討在諮商歷程中諮商員對情感轉移的知覺與反應模式的關係。研究內容係根據Watkins (1983) 所提出的五種情感轉移類型，即非實體存在、挫折者、理想者、先知/專家和撫慰者等五種，研究者根據此五種類型預設五種相關之諮商情境，並由招募而來的當事人於接受諮商前進行模擬演練，另有兩種情境則與情感轉移無關。諮商員一共有15名，其中碩一、碩二、博二各五名，每一名諮商員至少接觸三種不同類型的情感轉移，另加兩次與情感轉移無關之情境。研究進行係採錄音、錄影的方式，每位諮商員於接案後，立即填寫一張「諮商紀錄表」，以作分析之參考。諮商分析係根據每位諮商員的諮商晤談逐字稿，由研究者與另外兩位協同評量者以其中十份進行評分者一致性，得信度為.82，再由研究者獨立進行其餘之評量，其中有兩份未能符合情感轉移情境，故視為無效，連同前述之十份共計有效評量為43份。分析之結果乃就諮商員對各不同類型情感轉移之當事人的反應模式、知覺情形及知覺與反應模式的關係予以討論，並就研究結果提出有關諮商員訓練及未來研究方法上的建議。
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between counselor's perceptions of transference and response modes during a counseling process. C. E. Watkins' models of transference were used to construct counseling situation. 15 different levels of graduate trainning students (beginning students, advanced students, and doctoral students), 5 of each levels, were invited to participate into this study, and all of them were seeing 5 different simulated clients. A total of 45 counseling transcripts were used to analyze its contents to determine when the counselor perceived the phenomenon of transference, and how he responsed to client. Results were as follows: 1.about two-third counselors perceived the phenomenon of transference during all of the counseling process, of which the beginning counselor were having lesser perceptions of transference, doctoral counselors were having more perceptions of transference. 2.among all of the transference type, the ideal and seer/export were hardly to be perceived by all levels of counselor. 3. the response modes used in each of transference type were "question、reflection、empathy、explanation、restatement、and confrontation", as to other response modes found in this study were different in depending on what types of transference to be perceived. 4. the response modes of "confrontation、immediacy、higher level empathy、direct guidance、explanation、question、and suggestion" were found to have relationships with counselor's perceptions of transference. Among those of response modes, confrontation were used more, immediacy and direct guidance were the second, and higher level empathy were the third. 5. doctoral student counselors were superior than that of beginning and advanced student counselors in comparison with timing of perceiving transference and the way the response modes used while perceiving transference. Further implications and suggestions for future counselor training and studies were recommended.
期刊論文
1.Fuller, F.、Hill, C. E.(1985)。Counselor and helpee perceptions of counselor intentions in relation to outcome in a single counseling session。Journal of Counseling Psychology，32(3)，329-338。  new window
2.Martin, J.、Stelmaczonek, K.(1988)。Participants' Identification and Recall of Important Events in Counseling。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(4)，385-390。  new window
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4.Martin, J.(1984)。The cognitive mediational paradigm for research on counseling。Journal of Counseling Psychology，31(4)，558-571。  new window
5.Tracey, T. J.、Hays, K. A.、Malone, J.、Herman, B.(1988)。Change in Counselor Response as a Function of Experience。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(2)，119-126。  new window
6.Watkins, C. E. Jr.(1983)。Transference phenomena in the counseling situation。The Personal and Guidance Journal，62，206-210。  new window
7.Cerney, M. S.(1985)。Countertransference revisited。Journal of counseling and development，63(6)，362-364。  new window
8.Gelso, C. J.(1979)。Research in counseling: Methodological and professional issues。The Counseling Psychologist，8(3)，7-36。  new window
9.Hill, C. E.(1992)。Tests and assessment: An overview of four measures developed to test the Hill Process Model: Therapist intentions, therapist response modes, client reactions, and client behaviors。Journal of Counseling and Development，70(6)，728-739。  new window
10.Hill, C. E.、Carter, J. A.、O'Farrell, M. K.(1983)。A case study of the process and outcome of time-limited counseling。Journal of Counseling Psychology，30(1)，3-18。  new window
11.Hill, C. E.、Charles, D.、Reed, K. G.(1981)。A longitudinal analysis of changes in counseling skills during doctoral training in counseling psychology。Journal of Counseling Psychology，28(5)，428-436。  new window
12.Hill, C. E.、Helms, J. E.、Spiegel, S. B.、Tichenor, V.(1988)。Development of a system for categorizing client reactions to therapist interventions。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(1)，27-36。  new window
13.Hill, C. E.、Helms, J. E.、Tichenor, V.、Spiegel, S. B.、O'Grady, K. E.、Perry, E. S.(1988)。Effects of therapist response modes in brief psychotherapy。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(3)，222-233。  new window
14.Elliott, R.、Barker, C. B.、Caskey, N.、Pistrang, N.(1982)。Differential helpfulness of counselor verbal response modes。Journal of Counseling Psychology，29(4)，354-361。  new window
15.Hill, C. E.(1978)。Development of a counselor verbal response category system。Journal of Counseling Psychology，25(5)，461-468。  new window
16.Stiles, W. B.(1979)。Verbal response modes and psychotherapeutic technique。Psychiatry，42，49-62。  new window
17.張學善(1992)。影響諮商員口語反應模式的因素探討。測驗與輔導，111，2233-2235。  延伸查詢new window
18.Hill, C. E.、O'Grady, K. E.(1985)。List of therapist intentions illustrated in a case study and with therapists of varying theoretical orientations。Journal of Counseling Psychology，32(1)，3-22。  new window
19.Kivlighan, D. M. Jr.(1989)。Changes in counselor intentions and response modes and in client reactions and session evaluation after training。Journal of Counseling Psychology，36(4)，471-476。  new window
20.Goldfried, M. R.(1980)。Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles。American Psychologist，35(11)，991-999。  new window
21.蕭文(19911000)。諮商情境中的情感轉移。輔導月刊，27(9/10)，22-25。  延伸查詢new window
22.Adatto, C. P.(1977)。Transference phenomena in initial interviews。International Journal of Psychotherapy，6，3-13。  new window
23.Baker, E. L.(1982)。The management of transference phenomena in the treatment of primitive states。Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice，19(2)，194-197。  new window
24.Bohn, M. J. Jr.(1967)。Therapist responses to hostility and dependency as a function of training。Journal of Consulting Psychology，31，195-198。  new window
25.Gelso, C. J.、Hill, C. E.、Kivlighan, D. M. Jr.(1991)。Transference, insight, and the counselors intentions during a counseling hour。Journal of Counseling & Development，69，428-433。  new window
26.Gill, M. M.(1979)。The analysis of the transference。Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association，27，263-288。  new window
27.Graff, H.、Loborsky, L. L.(1877)。Long-term trends in transference and applied to further psychoanalysis。Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association，25，471-490。  new window
28.Lonborg, S. D.、Daniels, J. A.、Hammond, S. G.、Houghton-Wenger, B.、Brace, L. J.(1991)。Counselor and client verbal response mode changes during initial counseling sessions。Journal of Counseling Psychology，38(4)，394-400。  new window
29.Luborsky, L.、Crits-Christoph, P.、Mellon, J.(1986)。Advent of objective measures of the transference concept。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，54(1)，39-47。  new window
30.McAuley, M. J.(1989)。Trandference, countertrandference and responsibility: Their role and consultancy。Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy，19，283-297。  new window
31.Mendelsohn, R.(1981)。"Active attention" and "focusing" on the transference /countertransference in the psychotherapy。Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice，18(3)，386-393。  new window
32.Mills, J. A.、Bauer, G. P.(1989)。Use of transference in short-term dynamic psychotherapy。Psychotherapy，26(3)，338-343。  new window
33.Shlien, J. M.(1987)。Further thoughts on transference-Responses to Drs. E. Beier, C. Fischer, H. Greenwald, A. Lazarus, S. Maddi, Carl Rogers, Julius Seeman, and Hans Strupp。Person-Centered Review，2(4)，455-470。  new window
34.Silverman, L. H.(1974)。Some psychoanalytic considerations of non-psycho-analytic therapies: on the possibility of integrating treatment approaches and related issues。Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice，2，298-305。  new window
35.Thompson, A. P.(1986)。Changes in counseling skill during graduate and undergraduate study。Journal of Counseling Psychology，33，65-72。  new window
36.Carter, J. A.、Gelso, C. J.(1985)。The Relationship in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Components, Consequences, and Theoretical Antecedents。The Counseling Psychologist，13(2)，155-243。  new window
37.林家興(19910600)。情感轉移與情感反轉移。諮商與輔導，66，2-6。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Frank, J. D.(1973)。Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
2.Garfield, S. L.(1989)。The practice of brief psychotherapy。New York：Pergamon。  new window
3.Robert, B. Ewen(1980)。An introduction to theories of personality。New York：Academic Press。  new window
4.Langs, R. J.(1974)。The technique of psychoanalytic psychotherapy。New York：Jason Aronson。  new window
5.Egan, G.(1986)。The skilled helper: A systematic approach to effective helping。Brooks/Cole。  new window
6.Corey, G.、Corey, M.、Callanan, P.(1984)。Issues and ethics in the helping professions。C. A.：Brooks/Cole。  new window
7.Basch, M. F.(1980)。Doing psychotherapy。New York：Basic Books。  new window
8.Brammer, L. M.、Shostrom, E. L.(1977)。Therapeutic psychology: Fundamentals of counseling and psychotherapy。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。  new window
9.Cavanagh, M. E.(1982)。The counseling experience。Monterey, CA：Brooks/ Cole。  new window
10.Corey, G.(1985)。Theory and practice of group counseling。California：Wadsworth, Inc.。  new window
11.Corey, M. S.、Corey, G.(1989)。Becoming a helper。California：Wadsworth, Inc.。  new window
12.Gladding, S. T.(1988)。Counseling: A comprehensive Profession。Merrill Publishing。  new window
13.Laughlin, H. P.(1979)。The ege and its defense。N.Y.：Jason Aronson。  new window
14.Weinberg, G.(1984)。The heart of psychotherapy。N.Y.：ST. Martin's Press。  new window
15.Strupp, H. H.、Binder, J. L.(1984)。Psychotherapy in a new key: A guide to time-limited dynamic psychotherapy。Basic Books。  new window
16.Rogers, Carl R.(1951)。Client-Centered Therapy。Houghton Mifflin。  new window
圖書論文
1.Freud, Sigmund(1912)。The Dynamics of Transference。The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud。London：Hogarth Press。  new window
2.Ferenczi, S.(1950)。The further development of an active therapy in psychoanalysis。Further contributions to the theory and technique of psychoanalysis。London：Hogarth。  new window
3.Greenberg, L. S.(1983)。Psychotherapy process research。The handbook of clinical psychology: Theory, research, and practice。Dow Jones-Irwin。  new window
 
 
 
 
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