The Decline of American Unions in the Capitalist World-Economy__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	The Decline of American Unions in the Capitalist World-Economy
書刊名：	東海學報
作者：	蔡瑞明
出版日期：	1994
卷期：	35(社會科學學院)
頁次：	頁95-125
主題關鍵詞：	工會；美國
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:14

　　　　　以往的工會研究一直難以解釋自從二次世界大戰以降的美國工會持續的沒落。過去的研究通常針對美國國內的因素做為分析的重點，忽略了國家與市場在世界體系的關係。自從1960年代以來，美國已逐漸失去其經濟霸權的地位，勞資之間關係已經很難維持高利潤、高薪資的體系。來自其他國家的競爭迫使美國的資本家拒絕工會的薪資要求。美國工會逐漸的沒落。長時期工會沒落的趨勢顯示美國勞工關係的重大轉型。為了解釋這個長期的趨勢，本文提出另一套說法與假設。除了分析美國國內的因素之外，本文將視野擴大到世界經濟來分析美國工會的沒落，利用時間系列模型分析從1945到1985之間工會密度與工會會員人數的變動。分析的結果顯示短期的經濟變動無法解釋美國工會長時期的沒落。與世界經濟相關的因素，如國外投資，對工會的沒落有極大的影響。本文的結果顯示出使用世界經濟來分析一個國家的勞資關係的重要性。

以文找文

　　　　　Most research on labor unions has difficulty in explaining the continuous decline of unions in the United States after World War II. Past research often focuses mainly on domestic factors, and ignores the interrelation of nations and markets in the world system. Since the 1960s, the U.S. has been losing its hegemonic status, with the entry of developed nations in the world market. The high profit and high pay system in the relationship of labor and capital in the U.S. has become difficult to maintain. Increased Competition in the world market has forced the capitalists in the U.S. to resist the union demand. This long-term trend indicates the transformation of labor relations in the U.S. This paper proposes an alternative approach to analyze this long-term trend. Instead of using only the domestic factors, this article expands the analytical scope to the world economy and re-examines the union decline. I propose a set of hypotheses and models to test the thesis of union decline. The definition of union decline is reassessed based on union density rather than on union membership alone. Annual data of union density and union membership from 1945 to 1985 were analyzed by time series models. The analytical results show that the short-term economic fluctuations are unable to explain the long-term decline of American unions. Factors related to the world market, such as foreign investments, have a clear impact on the decline of unionization in the United States. While union density is affected by international factors, union membership is mainly determined by domestic and short-term factors such as unemployment. The results point out the importance of expanding the analytical scope to the capitalist economy in explaining the transformation of labor relations in a country.

以文找文

期刊論文
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8.	Mancke, R. B.(1971)。American Trade Union Growth, 1900-1960: a comment。Quarterly Journal of Economics，85，187-193。
9.	Rothstein, Bo(1989)。Marxism, Institutional Analysis, and Working-Class Power: The Swedish Case。Politics and Society，18，317-337。
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11.	Wallace, Michael、Rubin, Beth A.、Smith, Brian T.(1988)。The Impact of American Labor Law on Working Class Militancy, 1901-1980。Social Science History，12，1-30。
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13.	Griffin, Larry J.、Wallace, Michael E.、Rubin, Beth A.(1986)。Capitalist Resistance to the Organization of Labor Before the New Deal: Why? How? Success?。American Sociological Review，51(2)，147-167。
14.	Offe, Claus、Wiesenthal, Helmut(1980)。Two Logics of Collective Action: Theoretical Notes on Social Class and Organizational Form。Political Power and Social Theory，1，67-115。
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圖書
1.	Abraham, Katherine G.、Mckersie, Robert(1990)。New Developments in the Labor Market: Toward a New Institutional Paradigm。Cambridge：MIT Press。
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12.	Cole, Robert E.(1971)。Japanese Blue Collar: The Changing Tradition。Berkeley, Calif：University of California Press。
13.	Goldfield, Michael(1987)。The Decline Of Organized Labor In The United States。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。
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29.	Burawoy, Michael(1979)。Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process under Monopoly Capitalism。University of Chicago Press。

圖書論文
1.	Cornfield, Daniel B.(1987)。Labor-Management Cooperation or Managerial Control: Emerging Patterns of Labor Relations in the United States。Workers, Managers, and Technological Change: Emerging Patterns of Labor Relations。New York：Plenum Press。
2.	Dunlop, John T.(1980)。The Changing Character of Labor Markets。The American Economy in Transition。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。
3.	Mikesell, Raymond F.、Farah, Mark G.(1981)。U. S. Export Competitiveness in Manufactures in Third World Markets。World Trade Competition: Western Countries and Third World Markets。New York：Prager。
4.	Wright, Erik O.、Singlemann, Joachim(1983)。Proletarianization in the Changing American Class Structure。Marxist Inquiries。Chicago：Universityof Chicago Press。
5.	Hibbs, Douglas A. Jr.(1974)。Problems of statistical Estimation and Causal Inferences in Time-Series and Regression Models。Sociological Methodology 1973-1974。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。
6.	Goldthorpe, John H.(1984)。The End of Convergence: Corporatist and Dualist Tendencies in Modern Western Societies。Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism。Oxford：Oxford University Press。

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