| 期刊論文| 1. | Wong, D. L.、Baker, C. M.(1988)。Pain in children: Comparison of assessment scales。Pediatric Nursing，14(1)，9-17。   | | 2. | Mather, L. E.、Makie, J.(1983)。The incidence of postoperative pain in children。Pain，15，271-282。 | | 3. | Abu-Saad, H.(1984)。Assessing children's response to pain。Pain，219，163-171。 | | 4. | Braodman, L. M.、Rice, L.、Hannallan, R. S.(1988)。Evaluation of an objective pain scale for infant and children。Anesthesiology，13，45。 | | 5. | Beyer, J. E.、Wells, N.(1989)。The assessment of pain in children。Pediatric Clinics of North America，36(4)，837-835。 | | 6. | Mateo, M. O.、Krenzischek, D. A.(1992)。A pilot study to assess the relationship between behavioral manifestations and self-report of pain in postanesthesia care unit patients。Journal of Post Anesthesia Nursing，7(1)，15-21。 | | 7. | Maunukselk, E. L.、Olkkola, K. T.、Helsinki, R. K.(1987)。Measurement of pain in children with self-reporting and behavioral assessment。Clinical Pharmacological Therapy，42(2)，137-141。 | | 8. | McGrath, P. A.(1987)。An assessment of children's pain: A review of behavioral physiological and direct scaling techniques。Pain，31，147-175。 | | 9. | Melzack, R.(1975)。The McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods。Pain，1，277-279。 | | 10. | Savedra, M.、Gibbons, P.、Tesler, M.、Ward, J.、Wegner, C.(1982)。How do children describe pam? A Tentative assessment。Pain，14，95-104。 | | 11. | Savedra, M. C.、Tesler, M. D.(1989)。Assessing children's and adolescents pain。Pediatrician，16，24-29。 | | 12. | Savedra, M. C.、Tesler, M. D.、Holzemer, W. L.、Wilkie, D. J.、Ward, J. A.(1989)。Pain location: validity and reliability of body outline markings by hospitalized children and adolescents。Research in Nursing & Health，12，307-314。 | | 13. | Savedra, M.、Tesler, M. D.、Hokemer, W. L.、Wilkie, D. J.、Wards, J. A.(1990)。Testing a tool to assess postoperative pediatric and adolescent pain。Advances in Pain Therapy，15，85-93。 | | 14. | Schulz, N. V.(1971)。How children perceive pain。Nursing Outlook，19(10)，670-673。 | | 15. | Scott, J.、Huskisson, E. C.(1976)。Graphic representation of pain。Pain，2(2)，175-184。 | | 16. | Scott, P. J.、Ansell, B. M.、Huskisson, E. C.(1977)。Measurement of pain in juvenile chronic polyarthritis。Annual Rheumatoid Disease，36，186-187。 | | 17. | Tesler, M.、Ward, J.、Savedra, M.、Wegner, C. B.、Gibbons, P.(1983)。Developing an instrument for eliciting children's description of pain。Perceptual and Motor Skills，56，315-321。 | | 18. | Varni, J. W.、Thompson, K. L.、Hanson, V.(1987)。The Varni/Thompson pediatric pain questionnaire. I chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis。Pain，28，27-39。 | 圖書| 1. | McCaffery, M.(1972)。Nursing management of the patient with pain。Philadelphia：J. B. Lippincott Company。 | | 2. | Guyton, U. C.(1981)。Textbook of medical physiology。Philadephia, W. B.：Saunders。 | 其他| 1. | 張瑩如(1989)。學齡前兒童溝通型態與目的，台北：馬偕紀念醫院。 延伸查詢 | 圖書論文| 1. | Eland, J. M.、Anderson, J. E.(1977)。The experience of pain in children。Pain: A Sourcebook for Nurses and Other Health Professionals。Boston, MA：Lettle Brown。 | | 2. | Smith, M. E.(1968)。The preschool and pain。Current issues of pediatric nursing。 | | 3. | Stevens, B.(1989)。Nursing management of pain in children。Family-centered nursing care of children。Philadephia：W. B. Saunders。 | |