Max Scheler's posing of the social problem of "resentment" is based on an argument between W. Sombart and M. Weber about the spirit of capitalism. Scheler regarded "resentment" as the foundation of the motivation structure of the spirit of capitalism, and of philosophical, ethical and economic conceptions of modernity. This essay is an attempt to analyse Scheler's argument in detail and to examine the problem of "resentment" in Chinese modernity.