In terms of style and structure, the Chinese tz'u fu had developed into a full-blown literary genre by the Sung (960-1279) and Yuan (1260-1368) dynasties. The re-emergence of civil-service examinations during the Yen-yu reign (1314-1321) of the Yuan period even made a profound understanding of this particular form of prose poetry a must in the intellectual arsenal of budding literati seeking appointments to official posts. Further, as tz'u fu compositions of mixed qualities abounded in the literary world of the time, the need for a systematic review of existing works had never been more obvious. It was under these circumstances that the Yuan scholar Chu Yao (n.d.) compiled the Ku-fu Pien-ti, an anthology of ten volumes of 129 tz'u fu pieces by 61 authors from the Warring States (403-221 B. C.) to the Sung. Arranged in a chronological order, the main body of the compilation provides in eight volumes extensive coverage of classics in the Ch'u-tz'u and works from the Han (202 B.C.-A.D.220), the Three Kingdoms (220-265) and the Six Dynasties (220-589), the T'ang (618-907), and the Sung epochs. Compositions in the variant forms of these styles, on the other hand, are presented in the two supplementary volumes. It is worth noting, though, that the intent of the Ku-fu Pien-ti is by no means confined to offering a collection of essential pieces; its scope, to be sure, is of a broader type, as the compiler himself had rendered where possible a significant number of remarks in the critical vein. When adopting the approach of juxtaposing the original pieces and the critiques in one sigle collection, Chu Yao had apparently embraced the general framework of the Wen-chang Liu-pieh-chi of Chih Yu (d.331) and the philosopohies underlying the Ch'u-tz'u studies of Ch'ao Pu-chih (1053-1110) and Chu Hsi (1130-1200). By examining representative compositions through the ages from four distinctive perspectives, Chu Yao was able to recapitulate the evolution of the poetic genre of tz'u fu and to substantiate the claim that the predominant mode of exposition had been one that was short and expressive of lamentable sorrows or emotional states. A rare and outstanding literary study with a carefully constructed theoretical foundation, Chu Yao's review and critical analysis had laid the groundwork for undertakings of an identical nature during the Ming (1368-1644) and Ch'ing (1644-1912) dynasties.