:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:生產不確定下之調整與廠商行為
書刊名:商學學報. 空大
作者:楊義隆
出版日期:1995
卷期:3
頁次:頁145-161
主題關鍵詞:生產不確定調整廠商行為
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:14
     本文之目的,在對Flacco & Kroetch (1986)模型重新加以檢討。Flacco & Kroetch(1986) 探討了一個接受了一個接受譴單生產之廠商,在面對生產不確定,但允許事後調整之環境下,廠商之經濟不為。所謂事後調整,是指:若廠有的實際產量小於原?的計畫產量(接單量),類?商必須以較自行生產為高之價格λ,向其也廠商購買此差額數量的產品,以便依約交貨;又若其實際產量大於計畫產量,則廠商可以將此多餘產品,以較低之價格δ,賤價拋售,由於此模型假設「生產不確定」之型態為「加法性風險」,故其隨機利潤的不確定性不受廠商之計畫產量多寡所影響,因此,廠商之生產決策也不受風險所影響;亦即不管廠商是風險怯避者、中立者或愛好者,其最適計畫產量均會與確定情況下相同。 但這樣的結論,顯然與我們觀察到的現象現象不符。考其原因,當是其「加法性風險」假設的不合理所伢。比較合理的風險設定模式應是「乘積性風險」。因此,本文乃修改了這項風險模式設定,亦即將Flacco & Kroetch模型中的「加法性風險設定」,修改為「乘積性風險設定」,然後再對廠商的生產行為予以重新檢討。 在乘積性風險的假設下,由於廠商之隨機利潤的不確定性深受計畫產量大小所影響,計畫產量愈大,通常其風險亦愈大,故廠商之生產決策也將受風險所影響;其最適計畫產量之大小,不但與λ及δ有關,同時也將受廠商本身對風險的態度所左右。至於在此風險情況下,廠商之最適計畫產量與確定情況下(無風險情況)相比,孰大?則無定論,須視λ、δ與廠商對風險的能度如何而定。各種情況下之結果,本文將有詳細討論。值得注意的是,一般以為,較接近真實社會的情況,應是:廠商為風險怯避者,且λ>δ≧0;在這樣的情況下,根據我們的研究結論,生產不確定情況下,廠商之最適計畫產量(亦即接單量)會較生產確定情況下為小。這與我們觀察到現實現象應大致吻合。
期刊論文
1.Stewart, M. B.(1978)。Factor Price Uncertainty with Variable Proportions。American Economic Review,68(3),468-473。  new window
2.White, H.(1986)。Uncertainty and Factor Proportions。Canadian J. Econ.,19,11-12。  new window
3.Okuguchi, K.(1977)。Input Price Uncertainty and the Theory of Firm。Econ. Stud. Q.,28,25-30。  new window
4.Penner, R. G.(1967)。Uncertainty and the Short-Run Shift after Corporation Tax。Oxford Econ. Papers,19,99-110。  new window
5.Perrakis, S.(1980)。Factor-Price Uncertainty with Variable Proportions: Note。Amer. Econ. Rev.,70,1083-1088。  new window
6.Coes, D. V.(1977)。Firm Output and Changes in Uncertainty。American Economic Review,67(2),249-251。  new window
7.Flacco, P. R.、Kroetch, B. G.(1986)。Adjustment to Production Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm。Economic Inquiry,24(3),485-495。  new window
8.Hartman, R.(1975)。Competitive Firm and the Theory of Input Demand under Price Uncertainty: Comment。Journal of Political Economy,83(6),1289-1290。  new window
9.Hartman, R.(1976)。Factor Demand with Output Price Uncertainty。American Economic Review,66,657-681。  new window
10.Holthausen, D. M.(1976)。Input Choices and Uncertain Demand。American Economic Review,66(1),94-103。  new window
11.Hymans, S. H.(1966)。The Price-Taker: Uncertainty, Utility, and the Supply Function。International Economic Review,7(3),346-356。  new window
12.Ishii, Y.(1977)。On the Theory of the Competitive Firm under Price Uncertainty: Note。American Economic Review,67(4),768-769。  new window
13.MacMinn, R. D.、Holtmann, A. G.(1983)。Technological Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm。Southern Econ. J.,50,120-136。  new window
14.Mayer, W.(1978)。Input Choices and Uncertain Demand: Comment。American Economic Review,68(1),231-232。  new window
15.Mills, E. S.(1959)。Uncertainty and Price Theory。Quart. J. Econ.,73,116-129。  new window
16.Pope, R. D.、Just, R. E.(1978)。Uncertainty in Production and the Competitive Firm: Comment。Southern Economic Journal,44(3),669-674。  new window
17.Pope, R. D.、Kramer, R. A.、Just, R. E.(1979)。Production Uncertainty and Factor Demands for the Competitive Firm。Southern Economic Journal,46(2),489-501。  new window
18.Ratti, R. A.、Ullah, A.(1976)。Uncertainty in Production and the Competitive Firm。Southern Economic Journal,42(4),703-710。  new window
19.Alchian, A. A.(1953)。The Meaning of Utility Measurement。American Economic Review,43,26-50。  new window
20.Blair, R. D.(1974)。Random Input Price and the Theory of the Firm。Economic Inquiry,12(2),214-226。  new window
21.Batra, R. N.、Ullah, A.(1974)。Competitive Firm and the Theory of Input Demand under Price Uncertainty。Journal of Political Economy,82(3),537-548。  new window
22.McCalll, J. J.(1971)。Probabilistic Microeconomics。Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science,2(2),403-433。  new window
23.Rothschild, M.、Stiglitz, J.(1970)。Increasing Risk: A Defenction。Journal of Economic Theory,2(3),225-243。  new window
24.Leland, H. E.(1972)。Theory of the Firm Facing Uncertain Demand。American Economic Review,62(3),278-291。  new window
25.Baron, D.(1971)。Price Uncertainty, Utility, and Industry Equilibrium in Price Competition。Int. Econ. Rev.,11,463-480。  new window
26.楊義隆(1994)。生產不確定下廠商之最適生產決策。國立空中大學商學學報,2,1-30。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.Bernoulli, D.(1954)。Exposition of a New Theory of the Measurement of Risk。Econometrica,22,23-36。  new window
28.Bootn, L.(1990)。A Note on Adjustment to Production Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm。Econ. Inquiry,28,616-621。  new window
29.Feldstein, M. S.(1971)。Production with Uncertain Technology: Some Economic and Econometric Implications。International Economic Review,12(1),27-38。  new window
30.Hawawini, G. A.、Michel, P. A.(1983)。The Effect of Production Uncertainty on the Labor-Managed Firm。Journal of Comparative Economics,7(1),25-42。  new window
31.McCall, J. J.(1967)。Competitive Production for Constant Risk Utility Functions。The Review of Economic Studies,34(4),417-420。  new window
32.Sandmo, A.(1971)。On the Theory of the Competitive Firm under Price Uncertainty。Amer. Econ. Rev.,61,65-73。  new window
33.Schmidt, T.、Tressler, J.(1990)。Adjustment to Production Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm: a Comment。Econ. Inquiry,28,622-628。  new window
34.Tobin, James(1958)。Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk。Review of Economic Studies,25(2),65-86。  new window
35.Pratt, John W.(1964)。Risk Aversion in the Small and in the Large。Econometrica,32(1/2),122-136。  new window
圖書
1.李順成(1989)。商品價格穩定理論--風險經濟之分析。台北:國立編譯館。  延伸查詢new window
2.林華德、Ferguson, C. E.(1975)。生產與分配的新古典理論。台灣銀行經濟研究室。  延伸查詢new window
3.楊義隆(1986)。生產成本不確定情況下的廠商理論。台北:巨浪書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.Henderson, James M.、Quandt, Richant E.(1971)。Microeconomic Theory: A Mathematical Approach。New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company。  new window
5.Arrow, Kenneth J.(1965)。Aspects of the Theory of Risk Bearing。Helsinki:Academic Bookstore。  new window
6.Fellner, W.(1965)。Probability and Profit。Homewood, Illinois:Richard D. Irwin, Inc。  new window
7.Horowitz, Ira(1970)。Decision-Making and Theory of the Firm。New York:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston。  new window
8.von Neumann, J.、Morgenstern, O.(1944)。Theory of Game and Economic Behavior。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
9.朱敬一(1990)。個體經濟分析。新陸書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.Borch, Karl Henrik(1968)。The Economics of Uncertainty。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
11.Knight, F. H.(1921)。Risk, Uncertainty and Profit。Houghton Mifflin Co.。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE