| 期刊論文1. | Andenaes, Johannes(1975)。General Precention Revisited: Research and Policy Implication。Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology,66,338-365。 | 2. | Anderson, Linda、Chiricos, Theodore、Waldo, Gordon(1977)。Formal and Informal Sanction: A Comparison of Deterrent Effect。Social Problems,25,103-114。 | 3. | Berger, Dale、Smortum, John(1986)。A Structural Model of Drinking and Driving: alcohol Comsumption, Social Norms, and Commitments。Criminology,24,139-153。 | 4. | Bishop, Domma(1984)。Deterrence: A Panel Analysis。Justice Quarterly,1,311-328。 | 5. | Bower, William J.、Pierce, Glenn L.(1980)。Deterrrence or Brutalization: What Is the Effect of Executions?。Crime and Delinguency,26,453-484。 | 6. | Bridges, George、Stone, James(1986)。Effects of Criminal Punishment on Perceived threat of Punishment: Towara an Understanding of Specific Deferrence。Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,23,207-239。 | 7. | Chiricos, Theodore、Waldo, Gordon(1970)。Punishment and Crime: An Examination of Some Empirical Evidence。Social Problems,18,200-217。 | 8. | Clark, Alexander、Gibbs, Jack P.(1965)。Social Control: A Reformulation。Social Problems,12,398-415。 | 9. | Ehrlich, Isaac(1975)。The Deterrent Effect of Capita Punishment: A Question of Life and Death。American Economic Review,65,379-417。 | 10. | Erickson, Maynard、Gibbs, Jack(1978)。Objective and Perceptual Properties of Legal Punishment and Oeterrence Doctrine。Social Problems,25,253-264。 | 11. | Geerken, Michael、Gove, Walter(1977)。Deterrence, Overload and Incapacitation: An Empirical Evaluation。Social Forces,56,424-447。 | 12. | Minor, W. Wiliam、Harry, Joseph(1982)。Delinquent and Experiential Effect in Perceptual Deterrent Research: A Replication and Extension。Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,19,190-203。 | 13. | Paternoster, Raymond(1987)。The Deterrent Effevt of Perceived Certainty and Severity of Punishment: A Review of the Evidence and Issues。Justice Quarterly,4,173-218。 | 14. | Tittle, C. R.(1969)。Crime rates and legal sanctions。Social Problem,16,409-423。 | 15. | Gibbs, Jack(1968)。Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence。Social Science Quarterly,48(4),515-530。 | 圖書1. | Conklin, John E.(1981)。Criminology。New York:Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.。 | 2. | Sutherland, E. H.(1924)。Criminology。Philadelphia:J. B. Lippincott。 | 3. | Walker, Samuel(1985)。Sense and Nonsense about Crime: A Policy Guide。Calif.:Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.。 | 4. | Tittle, Charles R.(1980)。Sanctions and Social Deviance: The Question of Deterrence。New York:Praeger。 | 5. | Gibbs, J. P.(1975)。Crime, punishment, and deterrence。New York:Elsevier。 | 6. | Friedman, Lawrence M.(1975)。The Legal System。New York:Russell Sage Foundation。 | 7. | Siegel, Larry J.(1989)。Criminology。St. Paul, MN:West publishing Co。 | 8. | Ross, H. Laurence(1982)。Deterring the Drinking Driver: Legal Policy and Social Control。Lexington, MA:DC Heath Lexington Books。 | 9. | Hagan, John(1985)。Modern Criminology: Crime, Criminal Behavior, and Its Control。NY:McGraw-Hill。 | 10. | Barlow, Hugh D.(1984)。Introduction to Criminology。Little, Brown and Company。 | 11. | Gibbons, Don C.(1979)。The Criminological Enterprise: Theories and Perspectives。NJ:Prentice-Hall, Inc.。 | 圖書論文1. | Cook, Philip J.(1980)。Research in Criminal Deterrence Laying the Groundwork for the Second Decade。Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research。Chicago:London:University of Chicago Press。 | 2. | Wilson, James Q.(1995)。Crime and Public Policy。Crime。San Francisco, CA:ICS Press。 | 3. | Vago, Steven(1981)。Law and Social Control。Law and Society。New Jersey:PrenticeHall Inc.。 | |