本文討論區克夏的政治社群理論。區克夏論政治社群之基本屬性乃從人類之行為談起，故所謂『從事』便成為其第一個提出之概念。基於此概念，他又引伸出人群團體的兩種類型，一是enterprise association，一是civil association。前者乃是以實現特定具體目的為宗旨之結合，而後者則依遵從共同之規約而成立。區克夏舉了中世紀的兩個概念以類比：一是universitas，一是societas。前者是企業團體的前身，而後者乃是公民組織的原型。 這兩種人群組織對其成員之心理各有不同要求，而近代歐洲歷史即是此二組織並行成長的歷史。但區克夏認為若國家作為一公民組織其屬性擺盪混淆於二者之間，那就是危險的事。他力將國家化約成只是『一群使用共同規約的人之集合』，任何超越於此功能都會招致個人自由的受威脅。而最後筆者對此觀點之漏洞提出些許質疑。

　　　　　This is a study of Michael Oakeshott's theory of civil association. Oakeshott begins his explration on this through an examination of the nature of human conduct. And the idea of "practice" is what he has found for setting up discussions of human social interactions. Based on the notion of "practice", two types of human associations are in order: enterprise association and civil association. He likens the first to the medieval concept of universitas, and takes civil association as heir to the concept of societas. However, according to Oakeshott, these two concepts are not to be confused, in our conceiving of the nature of the political community we call state, for fear that individual freedom would be jeopardized through the expansion of the state's role This author tries to offer a minor critique on this peculiar brand of liberalism of its image of the state in our contemporary world.