Occupational Stress Among Schoolteachers: A Review of Research Findings Relevant to Policy Formation_

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題名：	Occupational Stress Among Schoolteachers: A Review of Research Findings Relevant to Policy Formation
書刊名：	教育學報
作者：	蕭愛鈴
作者(外文)：	Siu, Oi-ling
出版日期：	1995
卷期：	23:2
頁次：	頁105-124
主題關鍵詞：	教師；工作壓力
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:24

The author reviews the different conceptualizations of teacher stress and burnout, and agrees that the interactional approach proposed by Dunham (1992) is more constructive. The author goes on to review the research literarure on prevalence, sources, and effects of occupational stress among school teachers in other countries and in Hong Kong. Research findings on the coping strategies that teachers use to tackle stress are also reviewed. The author identifies policy changes that can potentially reduce levels of stress among Hong Kong teachers. Specifically, unresolved issues relating to teacher stress in the light of the reports of the Education Commission are discussed. They include: medium of instruction, common-core curriculum, allocation of Form 1 places, and behavioural problems in classrooms. Based on a qualitative costs and benefits analysis, the author concludes the paper by proposing the expansion of educational psychology services in Hong Kong as a targeted alternative for reducing teacher stress.

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期刊論文
1.	Beer, J.、Beer, J.(1992)。Burnout and stress, depression and self-esteem of teachers。Psychological Reports，71，1331-1336。
2.	Brenner, S.、Sorbom, D.、Wallius, E.(1985)。The stress chain: A longitudinal confirmatory study of teacher stress, coping and social support。Journal of Occupational Psychology，58，1-13。
3.	Burke, R. J.、Greenglass, E. R.(1989)。Psychological burnout among men and women in teaching: An examination of the Cherniss Model。Human Relations，42(3)，261-273。
4.	Capel, S. A.(1987)。The incidence of and influences on stress and burnout in secondary school teachers。British Journal of Educational Psychology，57，279-288。
5.	Capel, S. A.(1992)。Stress and burnout in teachers。European Journal of Teacher Education，15(3)，197-211。
6.	Cooke, B.、Pang, K. C.、Kan, F.、Shek, C.(1990)。Research on beginning teachers in Hong Kong。Educational Research Journal，5，65-80。
7.	Foxworth, M. D.、Karnes, F. A.、Leonard, R. L.(1984)。The factorial validity of the Teacher Occupational Stress Factor Questionnaire for the teachers of the gifted。Educational and Psychological Measurement，44，527-532。
8.	Gaziel, H. H.(1993)。Coping with occupational stress among teachers: A crosscultural study。Comparative Education，29，67-78。
9.	Kasl, S. V.(1984)。Stress and health。Annual Review of Public Health，5，319-341。
10.	Kyriacou, C.(1981)。Social support and occupational stress among schoolteachers。Educational Studies，7，55-60。
11.	Manso-Pinto, J. F.(1989)。Occupational stress factors as perceived by Chilean school teachers。The Journal of Social Psychology，129，127-129。
12.	Nagy, S.、Nagy, C.(1992)。Longitudinal examination of teachers' burnout in a school district。Psychological Reports，71，523-531。
13.	Smilansky, J.(1984)。External and Internal Correlates of Teachers' Satisfaction and Willingness to Report Stress。British Journal of Educational Psychology，54，84-92。
14.	Borg, M. G.、Riding, R. J.、Falzon, J. M.(1991)。Stress in Teaching: A Study of Occupational Stress and Its Determinants, Job Satisfaction and Career Commitment among Primary Schoolteachers。Education Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Education Psychology，11(1)，59-75。
15.	Payne, M. A.、Furnham, A.(1987)。Dimensions of occupational stress in West Indian secondary school teachers。British Journal of Educational Psychology，57(2)，141-150。
16.	Kyriacou, C.、Sutcliffe, J.(1979)。Teacher stress and satisfaction。Educational Research，21(2)，89-96。
17.	Mo, K.(1991)。Teacher burnout: Relations with stress, personality, and social support。Education Journal，19(1)，3-11。
18.	Tellenback, S.、Brenner, S. D.、Lofgren, H.(1982)。Teacher stress: Exploratory model building。Journal of Occupational Psychology，56，19-33。
19.	Paine, W. S.(1981)。The burnout phenomenon。Vocational Education，56(8)，30-33。
20.	Russell, D. W.、Altmaier, E.、Velzen, D. V.(1987)。Job-related stress, social support and burnout among classroom teacher。Journal of Applied Psychology，72(2)，269-274。
21.	Burke, R. J.、Greenglass, E. R.(1993)。Work stress, role conflict, social support, and psychological burnout among teachers。Psychological Reports，73(2)，371-380。
22.	Jenkins, S.、Calhoun, J. F.(1991)。Teacher stress: Issues and intervention。Psychology in the Schools，28(1)，60-70。
23.	Schonfeld, I. S.(1990)。Coping with job-related stress: The case of teachers。Journal of Occupational Psychology，63，141-149。
24.	Trendall, C.(1989)。Stress in teaching and teacher effectiveness: A study of teachers across mainstream and special education。Educational Research，31，52-58。
25.	Farber, B. A.(1984)。Teacher Burnout: Assumptions, myths, and issues。Teachers College Record，86(2)，321-338。
26.	Chan, D. W.、Hui, E. K. P.(1995)。Burnout and coping among Chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong。British Journal of Educational Psychology，65(1)，15-25。
27.	Kyriacou, Chris、Sutcliffe, John(1978)。Teacher stress: Prevalence, sources, and symptoms。British Journal of Educational Psychology，48(2)，159-167。
28.	Zabel, R. H.、Zabel, M. K.(1982)。Factors in burnout among teachers of exceptional children。Exceptional Children，49(3)，261-263。
29.	Moracco, J.、Danford, D.、D'Arienzo, R. V.(1982)。The factorial validity of the teacher occupational stress factor questionnaire。Educational and Psychological Measurement，42(1)，275-283。
30.	Brenner, S. O.、Bartell, R.(1984)。The teacher stress process: A cross-cultural analysis。Journal of Occupational Behavior，5(3)，183-195。
31.	Kyriacou, Chris、Sutcliffe, John(1978)。A model of teacher stress。Educational Studies，4(1)，1-6。
32.	Moracco, J. C.、McFadden, H.(1982)。The counselor's role in reducing teacher stress。The Personnel and Guidance Journal，60(9)，549-552。
33.	Farber, Barry A.(1984)。Stress and Burnout in Suburban Teachers。The Journal of Educational Research，77(6)，325-331。
34.	Kyriacou, C.(1987)。Teacher stress and burnout: an international review。Educational Research，29(2)，146-152。
35.	Maslach, Christina、Jackson, Susan E.(1981)。The Measurement of Experienced Burnout。Journal of Organizational Behavior，2(2)，99-113。
36.	Kyriacou, C.(1980)。Coping actions and occupational stress among school teachers。Research in Education，24，553-561。
37.	Cunningham, W. G.(1983)。Teacher burnout solutions for the 1980's: A review of the literature。The Urban Review，15，37-51。
38.	Schonfeld, I. S.(1990)。Psychological Distress in a Sample of Teachers。The Journal of Psychology，124(3)，321-338。
39.	Pedrabissi, L.、Rolland, J. P.、Santinello, M.(1991)。Stress and burnout among teachers in Italy and France。The Journal of Psychol，127，529-535。

會議論文
1.	Yue, X. D.(1995)。A study of occupational stress among primary and secondary school guidance teachers in Hong Kong。The Faculty Research Seminar at The Chinese University of Hong Kong。
2.	Cox, T.、Mackay, C. J.、Cox, S.、Watts, C.、Brockley, T.(1978)。Stress and well being in school teachers. Psychological response to occupational stress。Conference conducted at the meeting of the Ergonomics Society。Nottingham：University of Nottingham。

研究報告
1.	Hong Kong Government(1992)。Our next five years: The agenda for Hong Kong。Hong Kong：Government Printer。

學位論文
1.	Nagy, S.(1982)。The relationship of type A personalities, workaholism, perceptions of the school climate, and years of teaching experience to burnout of elementary and junior high school teachers in northwest Oregon school district(博士論文)。University of Oregon。
2.	Pratt, J. W.(1976)。Perceived stress among teachers: An examination of some individual and environmental factors and their relationship to reported stress(碩士論文)。University of Sheffield。
3.	Clark, E. H.(1980)。An analysis of occupational stress factors as perceived by public school teachers(博士論文)。Auburn University。

圖書
1.	Dewe, P.(1986)。Stress: Causes, consequences and coping strategies for teachers。Wellington：New Zealand Education Institute。
2.	Dunham, J.(1976)。Stress situations and responses in stress in schools。Hemel Hempstead：National Association of Schoolmasters。
3.	Freudenberger, H.(1980)。Burnout: The high cost of achievement Garden City。New York：Anchor Press。
4.	(1974)。The White Paper on Secondary Education in Hong Kong Over the Next Decade。Hong Kong：Government Printer。
5.	Cherniss, Cary(1980)。Professional Burnout in Human Service Organizations。New York, NY：Praeger。
6.	Dunham, J.(1992)。Stress in Teaching。London, UK：Routledge。
7.	Education Commission(1988)。Education commission report。Hong Kong：The Government Printer。
8.	Education Commission(1992)。Education commission report。Hong Kong：The Government Printer。
9.	Education Commission(1986)。Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：Government Printer。
10.	Education Commission(1984)。Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：Government Printer。
11.	Maslach, Christina、Jackson, Susan E.(1986)。Maslach Burnout Inventory manual。Consulting Psychologists Press。
12.	Wahlund, H.、Nerell, G.(1976)。Work environment of white collar workers: Work, health, well-being。Stockholm：Central Organization of Salaried Employees in Sweden。
13.	Dunham, J.(1984)。Stress in teaching。London：Croom Helm。
14.	Education Commission(1990)。Education commission report。Hong Kong：The Government Printer。
15.	Maslach, Christina(1982)。Burnout: the Cost of caring。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
16.	Lazarus, Richard S.、Folkman, Susan(1984)。Stress, Appraisal, and Coping。Springer。

單篇論文
1.	Chao, S.(1995)。A study on occupational stress among teachers in primary and secondary schools，Hong Kong：Lingnan College。

其他
1.	(19951119)。How to survive stress capital of the world [The Review]。
2.	(19950113)。Ninety per cent of teachers perceive work pressure。
3.	(19950318)。Professional Teachers, Union of Hong Kong。

圖書論文
1.	Cotanch, P. H.(1984)。Health promotion in hospitals。Behavioral health: A handbook of health enhancement and disease prevention。New York：Wiley。
2.	Falvey, P.(1991)。Language curriculum and behavioural problems in schools: The connection。The curriculum and behavioural problems in schools: A response to Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Education。
3.	Hui, E. K. P.(1991)。A whole school approach to guidance。The curriculum and behavioural problems in schools: A response to Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Education。
4.	Lee, W. O.(1991)。Student behavioural problems revisited: The need for curriculum re-orientation and values education。The curriculum and behavioural problems in schools: A response to Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Education。
5.	Luk, B. H. K.(1990)。Privatization and meritocracy: The real issue of the direct subsidy scheme。Differences and identities: educational argument in late twentieth century Hong Kong。Hong Kong：University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Education。
6.	Pierson, H.(1991)。Cantonese, English, or Putonghua--Unresolved communicative issue in Hong Kong's future。Education and society in Hong Kong: Towards one country and two systems。New York：M. E. Sharpe。
7.	Winter, S.(1991)。Developing a profession of educational psychology: Training and practice。The curriculum and behavioural problems in schools: A response to Education Commission Report。Hong Kong：University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Education。

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