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題名:試探元雜劇的排場藝術--以報冤類雜劇為例
書刊名:臺中師院學報
作者:范長華
作者(外文):Fan, Chang-hus
出版日期:1996
卷期:10
頁次:頁127-151
主題關鍵詞:元雜劇排場報冤類雜劇
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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     PAI CHANG is a significant characteristics on the performance art of classical China drama. It is especially important to the classical drama in Ming and Ching Dynasties. In face, the arrangement skill of PAI CHANG ON Chinese opera in the Yuan Dynasty has followed the precedent way and further been more excellent, delicate and detailed. Before a formal beginning, Yuan-Dynsty opera succeeds to Sung-Dynasty opera for its "CHIN YU", "KAI HO", "JAO CHU" or program such as dancing with song, skill and craft, etc. For the Yuan-Dynasty opera, a leading male role, secondary male-role characters and senior female characters will go on stage first. What the beginning poem they read has also been getting to be a certain program. "CHI TZU" at the beginning of an opera is one of plot structure overall the opera. Nevertheless, usually Yuan-Dynasty's play does not specially mark it. With regard of melody, HSIEN LU tune is commonly used which also is corresponding with music tune in the first part. In function, it works to carry on the function of clues. We can see how it is so important in PAI CHANG. Mostly, the number of PAI CHANG for each part is often about one to two times, which can be increased from five to seven PAI CHANG upon the requirement of plot. In the treatment of guiding play, there are effect in compression of time and space. Usually, grievance-revenge opera has been going with conflict and struggle behind at the port of the guiding play, or a great piece of spoken lines will be given in each part by a same key character who goes on the stage first. Such sort of PAI CHING will also bring functions to give the explanation and simplify the length. With respect to characrer arrangement, in the treatment of major play for the Yuan-Dynasty opera, there are two aides of characters, positive amd negative, which usually provide effect of contrast like flowers and leaves. On the part of leading singing character, obviously, majority of the grievance-revenge are arranged with two to three leading character singers, even male role and female role will separately sing a play. On the part of tune suite, music in each play will be corresponding with its plot. The usual practice is that HSIEN LU tune TIEN HSIANG CHUN suite is commonly used in the first part. Nevertheless, "SHUANG HSIEN GUNG" and "YEN CHING PO YU" break the usual practice. We can see a writer's intention in creation. In addition, numbers of the tune suite are closely relative with theme materials and plot. For instance, majority of grievance-revenge operas ane made with tune suite over eleven (II) pieces in the third part while there are only ten (10) books with tune suite less than five pieces for the fourth part. Besides, lots of them come from notable writers. With regard to suite organization in Yuan-Dynasty opera, usually, suite, two tunes turning in cycle, KO WEI, YAO PIEN, single tune going between repeatedly, and final tune repeatedly used, etc. are matched each other which carry conisiderably significant functions on detaild statement to an overall opera group, transition, and detailed description in characters' psychology Besides, "Interlude" usually is peppery, acrid and ironic or used to relieve one's nature and personality, spread out plot further, in addition, meet requirements of general people's interest, etc. Action-conversation play indeed not only is an attractive and wonderful performance over a part of Yuan-Dynasty opera, but also is usually used to develop its plot. Especially the "CHI TZU" between parts, due to its bridge position, is carefully arranged by all opera writers. On the part of the final play, what the mostly special in the tune suite organization for the fourth part undoubtedly is "HUO LANG TAN" No matter in tune suite insertrd with another suite or rhyme, it all can have its outstanding expression different from traditional formula, which somewhat gives different color of Southern tune. To stimulate a climax in a final part with such manner, writers' both courage as well as ereation are very admirable. After the final play in Yuan-Dynasty opera, there also is "SAN CHANG" which, following the traditiiional custom of Sung-Dynasty opera, will be sang, or read or danced with song. Due to its position not so important as "CHI TZE", only few books of Yuan-Dynasty opera, which still exist currently record the "SAN CHANG" and tune of "SAN CHANG", even among which only "SAN CHCAN" is only marked and with tune and literature omitted. Owing to the strong consciousness of grievance revenge in the revenge operas, it is extremely close to the general suffering people's spirit who were reigned under Mongolian ruler and Yuan Dyansty. We can see at that time how unprecedented the PAI CHANG made for such operas was which would further stimulate an opera writer's effort on arrangement of the PAI CHANG. Affter several levels of study and discussion, it is obvious that arrangement skill of the revenge opera is not only successive, but also creative, which should be affirmative. Meanwhile, it also shows the achievement of the PAI CHANG for Yuan's operas in art.
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1.曾永義(1990)。中國古典戲劇選注。臺北:國家出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.瞿同祖(1994)。中國法律與中國社會。里仁書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.孫玄齡(1988)。元散曲的音樂。北京:文化藝術出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.鄭騫(1973)。北曲套式彙錄詳解。臺北:藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
5.李昌集(1991)。中國古代散曲史。上海:華東師範大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.曾永義(1984)。說俗文學。臺北:聯經出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.莊因(1978)。話本楔子彙說。臺北:聯經出版事業公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.曾永義(1988)。詩歌與戲曲。聯經。  延伸查詢new window
9.曾永義(19910000)。中國古典戲劇的認識與欣賞。臺北市:正中書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.王國維(1974)。宋元戲曲史。藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
11.張啟超(1988)。元雜劇的插曲研究。小說戲曲研究〈1〉。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
12.曾永義(1975)。有關元雜劇的三個問題。中國古典戲劇論集。臺北。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(清)李漁。笠翁劇論。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.鄭騫(1972)。元雜劇的結構。景午叢編。臺北:臺灣中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.曾永義(1988)。說「排場」。詩歌與戲曲。臺北:聯經出版事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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