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題名:投入價格不確定與廠商理論:幾何圖形分析法
書刊名:商學學報. 空大
作者:楊義隆
作者(外文):Yang, Yih-long
出版日期:1996
卷期:4
頁次:頁335-359
主題關鍵詞:投入價格不確定廠商
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:20
     由於實際社會裡,廠商的經營環境多半是不確定的,因此近一、二十年來,有關廠商如何在不確定情況下進行其生產決策的研究,頗受經濟學者的注意。惟可惜這些研究幾乎全都借重了大量的高等微積分及數量方法作為理論的推導工具,而使得不熟悉數量方法之學子難窺其堂奧。本文之目的即在嘗試以Markowitz(1952)及Tobin(1958)所建立的「平均數-標準差」的簡單幾何圖解法來分析在要素價格不確定情況下,廠商如何從事其生產決策--如何決定其產品之產量及要素之雇用量。 本文發現,在要素投入價格不確定下,一個追求效用期望值極大的廠商,其最適生產量及要素雇用量會與廠商面對風險的態度有關。若廠商為風險怯避者,則其最適產量及要素投入量會較確定情況下為少;而風險中立廠商之產量及投入量則會與確定情況下相同;至於風險愛好廠商,其產量及投入量則均較確定情況下為大。 另外,由於大部分廠商均屬風險怯避者,且根據Arrow的看法,其絕對風險怯避程度還須隨利潤之增加而遞減方為合理,故本文亦針對此一情形作了詳盡的比較靜態分析。我們發現,一個風險怯避廠商在其絕對風險怯避程度遞減的假設下,若產品價格下跌、固定成本增加、要素投入價格之期望值提高、風險變大、政府對廠商課徵定額稅或對其產品課徵從量稅等,均會使廠商減少產量及要素雇用量。
期刊論文
1.Stewart, M. B.(1978)。Factor Price Uncertainty with Variable Proportions。American Economic Review,68(3),468-473。  new window
2.White, H.(1986)。Uncertainty and Factor Proportions。Canadian J. Econ.,19,11-12。  new window
3.Borch, K. H.(1969)。A Note on Uncertainty and Indifference Curve。Rev. Econ. Stud.,36,1-4。  new window
4.Feldstein, M. S.(1969)。Mean-Variance Analysis in the Theory of Liquidity Preference and Portfolio Selection。Review of Economic Study,36,5-12。  new window
5.Hawawini, G. A.(1978)。A Mean-Standard Deviation Exposition of the Theory of the Firm under Uncertainty: A Pedagogical Note。Amer. Econ. Rev.,68,194-202。  new window
6.Okuguchi, K.(1977)。Input Price Uncertainty and the Theory of Firm。Econ. Stud. Q.,28,25-30。  new window
7.Perrakis, S.(1980)。Factor-Price Uncertainty with Variable Proportions: Note。Amer. Econ. Rev.,70,1083-1088。  new window
8.Coes, D. V.(1977)。Firm Output and Changes in Uncertainty。American Economic Review,67(2),249-251。  new window
9.Flacco, P. R.、Kroetch, B. G.(1986)。Adjustment to Production Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm。Economic Inquiry,24(3),485-495。  new window
10.Hartman, R.(1975)。Competitive Firm and the Theory of Input Demand under Price Uncertainty: Comment。Journal of Political Economy,83(6),1289-1290。  new window
11.Hartman, R.(1976)。Factor Demand with Output Price Uncertainty。American Economic Review,66,657-681。  new window
12.Holthausen, D. M.(1976)。Input Choices and Uncertain Demand。American Economic Review,66(1),94-103。  new window
13.Hymans, S. H.(1966)。The Price-Taker: Uncertainty, Utility, and the Supply Function。International Economic Review,7(3),346-356。  new window
14.Ishii, Y.(1977)。On the Theory of the Competitive Firm under Price Uncertainty: Note。American Economic Review,67(4),768-769。  new window
15.MacMinn, R. D.、Holtmann, A. G.(1983)。Technological Uncertainty and the Theory of the Firm。Southern Econ. J.,50,120-136。  new window
16.Mayer, W.(1978)。Input Choices and Uncertain Demand: Comment。American Economic Review,68(1),231-232。  new window
17.Mills, E. S.(1959)。Uncertainty and Price Theory。Quart. J. Econ.,73,116-129。  new window
18.Pope, R. D.、Just, R. E.(1978)。Uncertainty in Production and the Competitive Firm: Comment。Southern Economic Journal,44(3),669-674。  new window
19.Pope, R. D.、Kramer, R. A.、Just, R. E.(1979)。Production Uncertainty and Factor Demands for the Competitive Firm。Southern Economic Journal,46(2),489-501。  new window
20.Ratti, R. A.、Ullah, A.(1976)。Uncertainty in Production and the Competitive Firm。Southern Economic Journal,42(4),703-710。  new window
21.Alchian, A. A.(1953)。The Meaning of Utility Measurement。American Economic Review,43,26-50。  new window
22.Blair, R. D.(1974)。Random Input Price and the Theory of the Firm。Economic Inquiry,12(2),214-226。  new window
23.Batra, R. N.、Ullah, A.(1974)。Competitive Firm and the Theory of Input Demand under Price Uncertainty。Journal of Political Economy,82(3),537-548。  new window
24.Bernoulli, D.(1954)。Exposition of a New Theory of the Measurement of Risk。Econometrica,22(1),23-36。  new window
25.McCalll, J. J.(1971)。Probabilistic Microeconomics。Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science,2(2),403-433。  new window
26.Rothschild, M.、Stiglitz, J.(1970)。Increasing Risk: A Defenction。Journal of Economic Theory,2(3),225-243。  new window
27.Leland, H. E.(1972)。Theory of the Firm Facing Uncertain Demand。American Economic Review,62(3),278-291。  new window
28.Sandmo, Agnar(1971)。On the Theory of the Competitive Firm Under Price Uncertainty。American Economic Review,61(1),65-73。  new window
29.Baron, D.(1971)。Price Uncertainty, Utility, and Industry Equilibrium in Price Competition。Int. Econ. Rev.,11,463-480。  new window
30.Penner, Rudolph G.(1967)。Uncertainty and the Short Run Shifting of the Corporation Tax。Oxford Economics Papers,19(1),99-110。  new window
31.Tobin, J.(1969)。Comment on Borch and Fledstein。Rev. Econ. Stud.,36,13-14。  new window
32.楊義隆(1994)。生產不確定下廠商之最適生產決策。國立空中大學商學學報,2,1-30。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.Tobin, James(1958)。Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk。Review of Economic Studies,25(2),65-86。  new window
34.Markowitz, Harry M.(1952)。Portfolio Selection。The Journal of Finance,7(1),77-91。  new window
35.Pratt, John W.(1964)。Risk Aversion in the Small and in the Large。Econometrica,32(1/2),122-136。  new window
36.Domar, E. D.、Musgrave, R. A.(1944)。Proportional Income Taxation and Risk-Taking。Quarterly Journal of Economics,58(3),382-422。  new window
圖書
1.Henderson, James M.、Quandt, Richant E.(1971)。Microeconomic Theory: A Mathematical Approach。New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company。  new window
2.Arrow, Kenneth J.(1965)。Aspects of the Theory of Risk Bearing。Helsinki:Academic Bookstore。  new window
3.Fellner, W.(1965)。Probability and Profit。Homewood, Illinois:Richard D. Irwin, Inc。  new window
4.Horowitz, Ira(1970)。Decision-Making and Theory of the Firm。New York:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston。  new window
5.von Neumann, J.、Morgenstern, O.(1944)。Theory of Game and Economic Behavior。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
6.朱敬一(1990)。個體經濟分析。新陸書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.楊義隆(1986)。生産成本不確定情況下的廠商理論。台北:巨浪書局。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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