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題名：色情媒介及其效果:閱聽人研究的再省思
書刊名：廣播與電視
作者：林芳玫 引用關係／徐郁喬
作者(外文)：Hsu, Yu-chao／Lin, Fang-mei
出版日期：1997
卷期：3:1
頁次：頁95-125
主題關鍵詞：色情媒介；閱聽人研究；審檢制度；Censorship
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:78
　　　　　本研究探討色情媒介的效果，並將其置放在閱聽人研究的整體架構之內，比較實 證主義行為學派與女性主義文化研究兩種不同的取向。本文第一節介紹有關色情的論述與爭 議。宗教與衛道人士從維護善良風俗的立場，對色情持反對態度並主張對色情嚴格管制。自 由主義者基於言論自由的理念，反對對色情的限制及相關之審檢制度 (censorship)。 基進 派女性主義者則主張色情是男性案制的表現。本文第二節提出行為學派對色情效果的研究發 現。這些發現包括：強化觀眾的強暴迷思、對暴力產生麻木反應、對性伴侶的外表較為不滿 。本文第三節指出，色情的效果研究應擴及整個閱聽解讀流程，包含下列四大面向：閱聽情 境、文本內容、解讀方式、 意識形態效果。 女性主義精神分析提出男性凝視 (male gaze) 的概念，指出色情強化男性觀看女性的主體的位置，使得男性缺乏觀看自己、觀看男人、成 為女人觀看對象的經驗。男性主體性因為缺乏參考座標而形成男性自閉。女性主義精神分析 與文化研究的觀點，可說是將媒介效果加以擴充，涵蓋整個視覺文化所產生之意識形態效果 。本文最後指出，在制定媒介公共政策時，色情應否管制，其關鍵並非搜集有關色情造成傷 害的科學證據，而是價值選擇的考量。
　　　　　This paper examines the effects of pornography. I put effects research within the entire framework of audience studies, comparing the differences of two research paradigms - behavioralism and feminist cultural studies. In the first part of this paper, I introduce various positions and perspectives concerning the pornography debate. The religious position is opposed to pornography on the ground of upholding morality and social order. Liberalism speaks for freedom of speech, thereby endorsing the existence of pornography and criticizing the practice of censorship. Radical feminism asserts that pornography expresses male domination. In The second part of this paper, the research findings of behavioral studies are examined. These findings point out that pornography has the following effects on audience: reinforcing rape myth; being desensitized to violence; less satisfied with the appearance of one's own partner. The third part of this paper advocates a broader scope of audience studies, including four dimensions: context, text, decoding, ideological effects. Using the concept of the male gaze developed by feminist psychoanalysis, I argue that pornography reinforces men's active looking position, thereby depriving them of haveing the experiences of looking at men and being looked at by women. The ideological effects of pornogrophy is conceptualised as aggravating male solipsism, which lacks the experience of inter-subjectivity. Finally, this paper argues that, in dealing with issues of media regulation and policy, the focus should be on negotiations and choices of values, rather than on accumulating evidence of harm as is narraowly defined by positivist science.
期刊論文
1.林振春(19910800)。色情漫畫與漫畫審查。社教雙月刊，44，70-71。  延伸查詢new window
2.洪清海(19830900)。少年維特的新煩惱：正視色情錄影帶對青少年的污染。健康世界，93，11-13。  延伸查詢new window
3.李學峰(1983)。遏止色情氾濫的商榷。警光，321，9-10。  延伸查詢new window
4.章英華(1983)。電視的色情氾濫就這麼嚴重嗎？--兼評「先審後播」的功能。中國論壇，16(10)，12-14。  延伸查詢new window
5.Demare, D.、Briere, L.、Lips, H. M.(1988)。Violent Pornography and Self- Reported Likelihood of Sexual Aggression。Journal of Research in Personality，22，140-153。  new window
6.Kelley K.(1985)。Sexual Attitudes as Determinants of the Motivational Properties of Exposure to Erotica。Personality & Individual Differences，6(3)，391-393。  new window
7.Baron, R. A.、Bell, P. A.(1977)。Sexual Arousal and Aggression By Males I Effect of Type of Erotic Stimuli and Prior Provocation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，35，79-87。  new window
8.Check, J. V. P.、Malamuth, N. M.(1983)。Sex Role Stereotyping to Depictions of Stranger Vs Acquaintance Rape。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，45(2)，344-356。  new window
9.Fisher, W. A.、Bryne, D.(1978)。Individual Difference in Affective,-Evaluative, and Behavioral Responses to an Erotic Film。Journal of Applied Social Psychology，8(4)，355-365。  new window
10.李家沂(19950800)。色情、電腦網路與官檢。中外文學，24(3)=279，82-111。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.吳達民(19910600)。色情問題之探討。警政學報，19，315-328。  延伸查詢new window
12.陳光興(19910900)。切掉父權體制的命根子--解構色情文化。聯合文學，7(11)=83，153-155。  延伸查詢new window
13.許志明(19840400)。如何遏阻色情泛濫之研究。警光，333，16-19。  延伸查詢new window
14.萬仁、朱天文、曾昭旭、李祐寧、劉夢燕、Hogan,M. Janice(19860300)。談成人電影應否開放?。今日生活，234，24-38。  延伸查詢new window
15.潘家慶(19830825)。傳播內容與色情材料。中國論壇，16(10)=190，10-11。  延伸查詢new window
16.Allen, M.(1995)。A Meta-Analysis Summarizing the Effects of Pornography: Aggression After Exposure。Human Communicatiton Research，22(2)，258-283。  new window
17.Donnerstein, E.、Donnerstein, M.、Evans, R.(1975)。Erotic Stimuli and Aggression: Facilitation or Inhibition?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，32，710-724。  new window
18.Donnerstein, E.、Berrkowitz, L.(1981)。Victim Reaction in Aggressive Erotic Films as a Factor in Violence Against Women。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，32(4)，710-724。  new window
19.Falk, P.(1993)。The Representation of Presence: Outlining the Anti-Aesthetics of Pornography。Theory, Culture & Society，10，1-42。  new window
20.Howard, J. M.、Liptzin, M.、Reifler, C.(1973)。Is Pornography A Problem?。Jounal of Social Issues，29，133-145。  new window
21.Jensen, K. B.、Rosengren, K. E.(1990)。Five traditions in search of the audience。European Journal of Communication，5(2/3)，207-238。  new window
22.Kutchinsky, B.(1973)。The Effect of Easy Availability of Pornography on the Incidence of Sex Crimes: the Danish Experience。Journal of Social Issues，29(3)，163-181。  new window
23.Linz, Daniel G.、Donnerstein, Edward、Penrod, Steven(1988)。Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Violent and Sexually Degrading Depictions of Women。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，55(5)，758-768。  new window
24.Malamuth, N. M.、Haber, S.、Feshbach, S.(1980)。Testing Hypotheses Regarding Rape: Exposure to Sexual Violence, Sex Difference, and the Normality of Rapists。Journal of Research in Personality，14，121-137。  new window
25.Mann, J.、Sidman, J.、Starr, S.(1970)。Effects of Erotic Films。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，30，729-735。  new window
26.Mayerson, S. E.、Taylor, D. A.(1987)。The Effects of Rape Myth Pornography on Women: Attitudes and the Mediating Role of Sex Role Stereotyping。Sex Role，17，321-338。  new window
27.Padgett, V. R.、Brislin-Slutzr, J.、Neal, J. A.(1989)。Pornography, Erotica, and Attitudes Toward Women: The Effects of Repeated Exposure。The Journal of Sex Research，26(4)，479-491。  new window
28.Reifler, C. B.、Howard, J.、Lipton, M. A.、Liptzin, M. B.、Widman, D. E.(1971)。Pornography: An Experimental Study of Effects。Amercian Journal of Psychiatry，128，575-582。  new window
29.Russell, D. E. H.(1988)。Pornography and Rape: A Causal Model。Political Psychology，9，41-73。  new window
30.Weaver, J. B.、Masland, J. L.、Zillmann, D.(1984)。Effect of Erotica on Young Men's Aesthetic Perception of their Female Sexual Partners。Perceptual and Motor Skills，58，929-930。  new window
31.Zillmann, Dolf、Bryant, Jennings(1982)。Pornography, sexual callousness, and the trivialization of rape。Journal of Communication，32(4)，10-21。  new window
32.Zillmann, Dolf、Bryant, Jennings(1988)。Effects of Prolonged Consumption of Pornography on Family Values。Journal of Family Issues，9(4)，518-544。  new window
33.Zillmann, D.、Bryant, J.(1988)。Pornography: Impact on Sexual Satisfaction。Journal of Applied Social Psychology，18，438-453。  new window
34.唐學斌(19860700)。從社會學觀點論遏止色情泛濫途徑。市政學刊，18，31-35。  延伸查詢new window
35.林芳玫(19960900)。評論 : 何春蕤「色情與女／性能動主體」。中外文學，25(4)=292，38-40。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.顧燕翎(1996)。臺灣婦運中性慾政治之轉變--受害客體抑或情慾主體。性批判研討會，女性學學會與東吳社會系主辦 (會議日期: 1996年12月14日)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Linz, D. G.(1985)。Sexual Violence in the Media: Effects on Male Viewers and Implications for Society(博士論文)。Univ. of Wisconsin，Madison。  new window
圖書
1.Segal, Lynne、McIntosh, Mary(1992)。Sex Exposed: Sexuality and the Pornography Debate。London：Virago。  new window
2.Dworkin, A.(1979)。Pornography: Men Possessing Women。New York：Penguin。  new window
3.Baron, L.、Straus, M. A.(1989)。Four Theories of Rape in American Society: A State-Level Analysis。New Haven, CT：London：Yale University Press。  new window
4.MacKinnon, Catharine A.(1987)。Feminism Unmodified: Discourse on Life and Law。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.MacKinnon, Catharine A.(1989)。Toward a Feminist Theory of the State。Cambridge, MA：London：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Soble, Alan(1986)。Pornography: Marxism, Feminism, and the Future of Sexuality。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
7.Zillmann, D.、Bryant, J.(1989)。Pornography: Research Advances and Policy Considerations。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
單篇論文
1.Zillmann, D.，Bryant, J.(1986)。Pornography: Impact on Sexual Satisfaction。  new window
圖書論文
1.林芳玫(19960000)。閱聽人研究 : 不同研究典範的比較。女性與媒體再現--女性主義與社會建構論的觀點。臺北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.McLeod, J. M.、Kosicki, G. M.、Pan, Z.(1991)。On understanding and misunderstanding media effects。Mass media & society。London。  new window
3.Webster, J. G.、Phalen, P. F.(1994)。Victim, Consumer, Or Commodity?: Audience Models in Communication Policy。Audience-making: How the Media Create the Audience。London：Sage。  new window
4.Mulvey, L.(1992)。Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema。A Critical and Cultural Theory Reader。Buckingham, England：Open University Press。  new window
5.Zillmann, D.、Bryant, J.(1984)。Effects of Massive Exposure to Pornography。Pornography and Sexual Aggression。Orlando, FL：Academic Press。  new window
6.Braidotti, R.(1994)。Body Images and the Pornography of Representation。Knowledge and Difference: Feminist Perspectives in Epistemology。London：Routledge。  new window
7.Day, Gary(1988)。Looking at Women: Notes Toward a Theory of Porn。Perspectives on Pornography: Sexuality in Film and Literature。London：MacMillan。  new window
8.Dworkin, R.(1995)。Do We Have a Right to Pornography?。The Problem of Pornography。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth。  new window
9.Dwyer, S.(1995)。Constructing the ‘Problem’ of Pornography。The Problem of Pornography。Belmont, C. A.：Wadsworth。  new window
10.Einsiedel, E. F.(1986)。Effects of Pornography on the Average Individual。Pornography: Women, Violence and Civil Liberties。Oxford University Press。  new window
11.Hornsby, J.(1995)。Speech Acts and Pornography。The Problem of Pornography。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth Publishing Company。  new window
12.Itzin, C.(1992)。Pornography and the Social Construction of Sexual Inequality。Pornography: Women, Violence, and Civil Liberties。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
13.Lyons, J. S.(1994)。A Systematic Review of The Effects of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Pornography。Media, Children, and Family: Social-Scientific, Psycho-Dynamic and Clinical Perspectives。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
 
 
 
 
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