本研究探討男女仰泳選手划手和踢腳之推進力，及其佔手腳配合推進力分配的百 分比，並比較仰泳划手和踢腳的運動強度。受試者為縣市地區優秀游泳隊員 24 人 (男女各 12 人 )，平均年齡男 17.0 ± 2.0 歲，女 15.7 ± 2.12 歲，身高男 171.08 ± 4.26 公 斤，訓練年數男 7.25 ± 2.14 年，女 6.25 ± 2.34 年。本實驗採用同一受試者重複量數 設計，並以平衡次序進行測試。推進力以滑輪式負重牽引機 POWER-RACK 測試，運動強度用 水中心跳計來測試，以游泳前、後即刻心跳率變化值來代表。划手、踢腳和手腳配合三次游 泳的時間相同，以 100M 仰泳手腳配合之成績為準。結果發現男女皆以手腳配合時推進力最 大 (男 6.35 ± 2.19kg、M/sec、女 3.93 ± 0.38kg、M/sec)、 划手時次之 (男 2.98 ± 1.08kg、 M/sec、 女 1.75 ± 0.31kg、 M/sec)、 男佔手腳配合推進力的 46.87%、 女佔 44.34% 踢腳時最小 (男 2.53 ± 1.08kg、 m/sec、女 1.68 ± 0.24kg、m/sec) 男佔手腳 配合推進力的 39.44%、女佔 42.84%、惟男女在划手與踢腳之間的推動力大小並無顯著差異 ，顯示踢腳對推進力的貢獻並不是一般相信的只有穩定作用而己，男女雖在推進力與成績上 有顯著差異，但在推進力百分比分配上卻都無顯著差異， 男有 13.69%、女有 12.66% 的手 腳配合推進力增加率，這也許是評估男女仰泳動作技巧性的指標。心跳率變化值男是踢腳 > 手腳配合 > 划手 (58.33 ± 13.86 >58.08 ± 16.42 >46.75 ± 6.74 bp/min)，女是手腳 配合 > 腳踢 > 划手 (67.50 ± 11.74 >60.83 ± 10.47>43.25 ± 16.14 bp/min)。 男女 在划手、踢腳和手腳配合的心跳率變化值皆無差異，男女踢腳時的心跳率變化值皆高於划手 ，但踢腳與手腳配合卻皆無顯著差異，意指男女仰泳踢腳的運動強度不小於手腳配合。結論 ：推進力與運動強度皆是影響仰泳成績與訓練效果的重要因素。仰泳划手時推進力並沒有顯 著的大於踢腳故踢腳與划手同樣重要，而且仰泳手腳配合的技巧性是可評估的。為增日仰泳 速度、運動訓練強度及無氧能量訓練時，應多使用踢腳訓練方式。

　　　　　This study investigated the propulsion generated by AS, LK and WS of backstroke swimmers and compared the exercise intensity of AS and LK. Also, the percentages of WS propulsion accounted for by AS and LK propulsion respectively are examined. Twenty excellent swimmers nationwide (12 males and 12 females) were studied, age 17.0 ± 2.0 years (male), 15.17 ± 2.12 years (female); height 171.08 ± 5.72cm (male), 162.29 ± 5.93 cm (female); weighte 60.46 ± 8.58kg (male), 54.17 ± 4.26 kg (female); years of training 7.25 ± 2.14 years (male ), 6.25 ± 2.34 years (female). An identical subject with repeated measure design and a balanced-order testing sequence were used. A pulley weight system, Power-Pack, was used to determine propulsion for AS, LK and WS. Under water heart rate monitor was used to determine the exercise intensity by measuring the changes in the heart rates of swimmers before and after the test. The 100 M WS unimpeded swim time was the time for AS, LK and WS. It was found that WS generated the highest propulsion for both male and female backstrokers (6.35 ± 2.19 kg.m/sec for males and 3.93 ± 0.38kg.m/sec for females), followed by AS (2.98 ± 1.08kg.m/sec for males and 1.75 ± 0.31 kg.m/sec for females) and by LK (2.53 ± 1.08 kg.m/sec for males and 1.68 ± 0.24 kg.m/sec for females). AS propulsion accounted for 46.87% of WS propulsion for males and 44.34% for females. LK propulsion accounted for 39.44% of WS propulsion for males and 42.84% for females. From a statistical perspective, LK propulsion is very close to AS propulsion for both male and female backstrokers, which demonstrates that LK, contrary to what is generally believed, is more than just a stablizer in the coordination process of bakcstroke swimming. Males may be faster swimmers than females and procuced more propulsion, yet the coordinations skills (when doing WS) shown by males and females (13.69% of WS for males and 12.66% of WS for females) are not substantially different. [skill coordination=(WS propulsion - AS propulsion - LK propulsion)/ WS propulsion, a quantifiable indicator of backstrokers coordination skill] Change in heart rate is biggest during LK for male backstroders (58.33 ± 13.86 bp/min), followed by WS (58.08 ± 16.42 bp/min) and by AS (46.75 ± 6.74 bp/min). For female backstrokers, WS caused the biggest change in heart rate (67.50 ± 11.74 bp/min), followed by LK (60.83 ± 10.47 bp/min) and by AS (43.25 ± 16.14 bp/min). Male or female, change in heart rate during LK is greater than during AS, while changes in heart rate during LK and WS are very close, which induces us to believe that exercise intensity during LK and WS is very close. Conclusion: Propulsion and exercise intensity were major factors that affect the speed and training effectiveness of backstrokers. AS propulsion is not substantially greater than LK propulsion in backstroke swimming, so AS and LK are equally important in their contribution to backstroke swimming. Further, it is possible to quantify swim skill coordination. More LK should be used for anaerobic training to increase exercise intensity as well as the speed of backstroke swimming.